The Back Flashcards
Meninges of spinal cord
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Dura mater
outer “tough” layer of spinal cord
Arachnoid mater
middle “spiderweb-like” layer of spinal cord
Pia mater
inner “nourishing” layer of spinal cord
strictly adherent to spinal cord
epidural space
space between spine and dura mater
contains fat and veins of vertebral plexus
subdural space
space between dura mater and arachnoid mater
should be empty in vivo
denticulate ligaments
separate ventral and dorsal roots in spinal cord
keep spinal cord from twisting
ascent of spinal cord
as the person grows, the vertebrae grow caudally, making it appear that the spinal cord ascends
layers of intervertebral disks
annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosus
multilayered outer ring mostly made out of fibrocartilage
nucleus pulposus
inner jelly-like mass
will bulge out during disk herniation
where is annulus fibrosus thinnest
posterior (longitudinal ligament reinforces this area)
what part of vertebral disk is most prone to herniation
dorsolateral
what symptoms might a patient have if their disk herniates in the most typical pattern
experience dermatomal pain patterns because the herniation can irritate dorsal root ganglion
segmental innervation
is a muscle crosses a body segment, it is innervated by dorsal ramus of each segment it crosses
hypaxial
muscles of upper limb
epaxial
primarily responsible for moving or stabilizing vertebrae
all epaxial muscles have segmental innervation via dorsal rami
triangle of auscultation boundaries
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, scapula
triangle of auscultation use
used to listen to sounds of the thorax
5 superficial back muscles
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboids
3 intermediate back muscles
serratus posterior superior
serratus anterior
serratus posterior inferior
assumptions you can make about intermediate back muscles
considered accessory breathing muscles
hypaxial origin
innervated by ventral rami
suboccipital triangle formed by
rectus capitis posterior major
obliques capitis superior
obliques capitis inferior
suboccipital triangle contents
suboccipital nerve emerges from center of triangle
arch of atlas
vertebral artery and vein (pass over atlas)
occipital artery and vein
subarachnoid space
space betweein arachnpoid mater and pia mater
contains CSF
what branches directly off of the spinal cord
dorsal root
ventral root
dorsal root is (sensory/motor)
sensory
ventral root is (sensory/motor)
motor
what is the nerve segment called where the ventral and dorsal root come together
mixed spinal nerve
what does the mixed spinal nerve divide into as it passes through the intervertebral foramen
dorsal ramus
ventral ramus
what does the dorsal ramus divide into
medial branch
lateral branch
what innervates muscle and skin at the spinal level of T6 and above
medial branch of the dorsal ramus
what does the lateral branch of the dorsal ramus innervate at the spinal level T6 and above
only muscle
what innervates muscle and skin below the T6 spinal level
lateral branch of the dorsal ramus
what does the medial branch of the dorsal ramus innnervate below the T6 spinal level
only muscle
what spinal level does the inferior angle of the scapula typically point to
T6
