The Back

Question 1

Meninges of spinal cord

Answer 1

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 2

Dura mater

Answer 2

outer “tough” layer of spinal cord

Question 3

Arachnoid mater

Answer 3

middle “spiderweb-like” layer of spinal cord

Question 4

Pia mater

Answer 4

inner “nourishing” layer of spinal cord

strictly adherent to spinal cord

Question 5

epidural space

Answer 5

space between spine and dura mater

contains fat and veins of vertebral plexus

Question 6

subdural space

Answer 6

space between dura mater and arachnoid mater

should be empty in vivo

Question 7

denticulate ligaments

Answer 7

separate ventral and dorsal roots in spinal cord

keep spinal cord from twisting

Question 8

ascent of spinal cord

Answer 8

as the person grows, the vertebrae grow caudally, making it appear that the spinal cord ascends

Question 9

layers of intervertebral disks

Answer 9

annulus fibrosus

nucleus pulposus

Question 10

annulus fibrosus

Answer 10

multilayered outer ring mostly made out of fibrocartilage

Question 11

nucleus pulposus

Answer 11

inner jelly-like mass

will bulge out during disk herniation

Question 12

where is annulus fibrosus thinnest

Answer 12

posterior (longitudinal ligament reinforces this area)

Question 13

what part of vertebral disk is most prone to herniation

Answer 13

dorsolateral

Question 14

what symptoms might a patient have if their disk herniates in the most typical pattern

Answer 14

experience dermatomal pain patterns because the herniation can irritate dorsal root ganglion

Question 15

segmental innervation

Answer 15

is a muscle crosses a body segment, it is innervated by dorsal ramus of each segment it crosses

Question 16

hypaxial

Answer 16

muscles of upper limb

Question 17

epaxial

Answer 17

primarily responsible for moving or stabilizing vertebrae

all epaxial muscles have segmental innervation via dorsal rami

Question 18

triangle of auscultation boundaries

Answer 18

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, scapula

Question 19

triangle of auscultation use

Answer 19

used to listen to sounds of the thorax

Question 20

5 superficial back muscles

Answer 20

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboids

Question 21

3 intermediate back muscles

Answer 21

serratus posterior superior
serratus anterior
serratus posterior inferior

Question 22

assumptions you can make about intermediate back muscles

Answer 22

considered accessory breathing muscles
hypaxial origin
innervated by ventral rami

Question 23

suboccipital triangle formed by

Answer 23

rectus capitis posterior major
obliques capitis superior
obliques capitis inferior

Question 24

suboccipital triangle contents

Answer 24

suboccipital nerve emerges from center of triangle
arch of atlas
vertebral artery and vein (pass over atlas)
occipital artery and vein

Question 25

subarachnoid space

Answer 25

space betweein arachnpoid mater and pia mater | contains CSF

Question 26

what branches directly off of the spinal cord

Answer 26

dorsal root | ventral root

Question 27

dorsal root is (sensory/motor)

Answer 27

sensory

Question 28

ventral root is (sensory/motor)

Answer 28

motor

Question 29

what is the nerve segment called where the ventral and dorsal root come together

Answer 29

mixed spinal nerve

Question 30

what does the mixed spinal nerve divide into as it passes through the intervertebral foramen

Answer 30

dorsal ramus | ventral ramus

Question 31

what does the dorsal ramus divide into

Answer 31

medial branch | lateral branch

Question 32

what innervates muscle and skin at the spinal level of T6 and above

Answer 32

medial branch of the dorsal ramus

Question 33

what does the lateral branch of the dorsal ramus innervate at the spinal level T6 and above

Answer 33

only muscle

Question 34

what innervates muscle and skin below the T6 spinal level

Answer 34

lateral branch of the dorsal ramus

Question 35

what does the medial branch of the dorsal ramus innnervate below the T6 spinal level

Answer 35

only muscle

Question 36

what spinal level does the inferior angle of the scapula typically point to

Answer 36

T6