Anatomy- Bones and Joints Flashcards
Two methods of ossification
Membranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
Ossification
Bone formation
Mesenchyme
Generic name for a disorganized web of unspecialized connective tissue
Membranous ossification
Mesenchyme cells form the shape of a bone and then gets transformed into bone
Membranous ossification is more common in which type of bone?
Flat bones
Process of Endochondral ossification
Starts with mesenchymal model–> mesenchyme is replaced by cartilage (usually hyaline)–> bone replaces cartilage
Endochondral ossification is utilized more in which type of bones?
Long bones
(Membranous/endochondral) ossification creates very dense bone
Membranous
How bones are repaired after fracture in adults
Membranous ossification
Normal bone growth is done by (membranous/endochondral) ossification
Endochondral
Hyaline cartilage
- Most common type of cartilage
- no fibers visible at microscopic level
Fibrocartilage
- Contains large amounts of collagen fibers
- important structural cartilage (intervertebral discs)
Elastic cartilage
- contains large amounts of elastin
- capable of being stretched and distorted and will regain its shape
- found in outer ears, nose
Haversian
Remodeling
Periosteum
Outside lining of bone
Compact bone (AKA cortical, lamellar)
Solid structure associated with the shaft or the ends of bone
-typically remodeled with Haversian systems
Woven bone (AKA non lamellar)
Typically young bone that has not yet developed Haversian systems
-Associated with greater amounts of collagen
Trabecular bone (AKA cancellous, spongy)
Series of bony beams found at the ends of bones
Endosteum
Inner lining of bone
Medullary caivity
Space inside the bone with marrow
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone
Metaphysis
Growth plate of bone
Epiphysis
Ends of bone
Articular cartilage
Covers ends of bones that participate in a joint (usually hyaline cartilage)
Joint classifications based on movement
Immovable
Highly movable
Slightly movable
Immovable joints
- Favors stability of structure
- movement only occurs during extreme stress or special physiological situations
- ex. Epiphysis-diaphysis in developing bone
Highly movable joints
Favors free movement between the bones
Stability occurs through restrictive ligaments or muscular action
Slightly movable joints
- Compromise between movement and stability
- movement generally occurs only over a small and specialized range
- ex. Intervertebral discs
Arthroses
Joints
Synarthroses
Solid joints
Osseus joints
Bone-bone joints
Types of osseus joints
Synostosis
Synostosis
Bones fusing/fused together
Fibrous joints
Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis
2 bones linked together only by ligaments
Suture
Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue
-sutures of skull
Gomphosis
Teeth-to-mandible joint
Cartilaginous joints
Synchonrosis
Symphysis
Synconrosis
Metaphysis
Symphysis
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral disk
Diarthroses
2 bones joined together its a joint cavity
Types of Synovial joints
Planar Ginglymous (hinge) Trochoid (pivot) Condyloid Ellipsoid Sellar (saddle) Spheroidal (ball and socket)
Features always present in synovial joints
Capsular ligaments
Articular cavity
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
Synovium (synovial fluid)
Features sometimes present in synovial joints
Intrinsic ligaments Tendons Fat pads Fibrocartilaginous disks Bursa
