Anatomy- Bones and Joints

Question 0

Two methods of ossification

Answer 0

Membranous ossification

Endochondral ossification

Question 1

Ossification

Answer 1

Bone formation

Question 2

Mesenchyme

Answer 2

Generic name for a disorganized web of unspecialized connective tissue

Question 3

Membranous ossification

Answer 3

Mesenchyme cells form the shape of a bone and then gets transformed into bone

Question 4

Membranous ossification is more common in which type of bone?

Answer 4

Flat bones

Question 5

Process of Endochondral ossification

Answer 5

Starts with mesenchymal model–> mesenchyme is replaced by cartilage (usually hyaline)–> bone replaces cartilage

Question 6

Endochondral ossification is utilized more in which type of bones?

Answer 6

Long bones

Question 7

(Membranous/endochondral) ossification creates very dense bone

Answer 7

Membranous

Question 8

How bones are repaired after fracture in adults

Answer 8

Membranous ossification

Question 9

Normal bone growth is done by (membranous/endochondral) ossification

Answer 9

Endochondral

Question 10

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

• Most common type of cartilage

- no fibers visible at microscopic level

Question 11

Fibrocartilage

Answer 11

• Contains large amounts of collagen fibers

- important structural cartilage (intervertebral discs)

Question 12

Elastic cartilage

Answer 12

• contains large amounts of elastin
• capable of being stretched and distorted and will regain its shape
• found in outer ears, nose

Question 13

Haversian

Answer 13

Remodeling

Question 14

Periosteum

Answer 14

Outside lining of bone

Question 15

Compact bone (AKA cortical, lamellar)

Answer 15

Solid structure associated with the shaft or the ends of bone
-typically remodeled with Haversian systems

Question 16

Woven bone (AKA non lamellar)

Answer 16

Typically young bone that has not yet developed Haversian systems
-Associated with greater amounts of collagen

Question 17

Trabecular bone (AKA cancellous, spongy)

Answer 17

Series of bony beams found at the ends of bones

Question 18

Endosteum

Answer 18

Inner lining of bone

Question 19

Medullary caivity

Answer 19

Space inside the bone with marrow

Question 20

Diaphysis

Answer 20

Shaft of bone

Question 21

Metaphysis

Answer 21

Growth plate of bone

Question 22

Epiphysis

Answer 22

Ends of bone

Question 23

Articular cartilage

Answer 23

Covers ends of bones that participate in a joint (usually hyaline cartilage)

Question 24

Joint classifications based on movement

Answer 24

Immovable Highly movable Slightly movable

Question 25

Immovable joints

Answer 25

- Favors stability of structure - movement only occurs during extreme stress or special physiological situations - ex. Epiphysis-diaphysis in developing bone

Question 26

Highly movable joints

Answer 26

Favors free movement between the bones | Stability occurs through restrictive ligaments or muscular action

Question 27

Slightly movable joints

Answer 27

- Compromise between movement and stability - movement generally occurs only over a small and specialized range - ex. Intervertebral discs

Question 28

Arthroses

Answer 28

Joints

Question 29

Synarthroses

Answer 29

Solid joints

Question 30

Osseus joints

Answer 30

Bone-bone joints

Question 31

Types of osseus joints

Answer 31

Synostosis

Question 32

Synostosis

Answer 32

Bones fusing/fused together

Question 33

Fibrous joints

Answer 33

Suture Syndesmosis Gomphosis

Question 34

Syndesmosis

Answer 34

2 bones linked together only by ligaments

Question 35

Suture

Answer 35

Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue | -sutures of skull

Question 36

Gomphosis

Answer 36

Teeth-to-mandible joint

Question 37

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 37

Synchonrosis | Symphysis

Question 38

Synconrosis

Answer 38

Metaphysis

Question 39

Symphysis

Answer 39

Pubic symphysis | Intervertebral disk

Question 40

Diarthroses

Answer 40

2 bones joined together its a joint cavity

Question 41

Types of Synovial joints

Answer 41

``` Planar Ginglymous (hinge) Trochoid (pivot) Condyloid Ellipsoid Sellar (saddle) Spheroidal (ball and socket) ```

Question 42

Features always present in synovial joints

Answer 42

Capsular ligaments Articular cavity Articular (hyaline) cartilage Synovium (synovial fluid)

Question 43

Features sometimes present in synovial joints

Answer 43

``` Intrinsic ligaments Tendons Fat pads Fibrocartilaginous disks Bursa ```