Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

structures pharynx is continuous with

Answer 1

nasal and oral cavities (superiorly)

esophagus at level C6

Question 2

3 parts of pharynx

Answer 2

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 3

location of nasopharynx

Answer 3

behind nose and above soft palate

Question 4

openings into nasopharynx

Answer 4

posterior nasal aperture
nasopharyngeal isthmus
auditory tube

Question 5

structures in lateral wall of nasopharynx

Answer 5

pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
torus tubarius
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharyngeal recess

Question 6

what bony landmark roughly marks the transition between middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 6

greater cornu of hyoid bone

Question 7

what structure indicates the transition of inferior pharyngeal constrictor to esophagus

Answer 7

recurrent laryngeal nerve running between trachea and esophagus

Question 8

location of oropharynx

Answer 8

behind oral cavity

Question 9

openings into oropharynx

Answer 9

oropharyngeal isthmus
nasopharyngeal isthmus
laryngopharynx (level of epiglottis)

Question 10

structures of lateral wall of oropharynx

Answer 10

palatoglossal arch (containing palatoglossus muscles)
palatopharyngeal arch

Question 11

location of laryngopharynx

Answer 11

behind larynx

extends from upper border of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 12

layers of pharynx (deep –> superficial)

Answer 12

pharyngobasilar fascia
muscular coat
buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 13

circular muscles of the pharynx

Answer 13

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 14

longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

Answer 14

stylopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus

Question 15

muscles of the pharynx innervated by

Answer 15

vagus nerve

except stylopharyngeus- glossopharyngeal N

Question 16

piriform fossa

Answer 16

divots next to larynx, often where food can get stuck and cause choking

Question 17

1st stage of deglutition

Answer 17

voluntary

• styloglossus elevates tongue and pushes food to oropharyngeal isthmus
• palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus push food backward into oropharynx
• tensor veli paletini and levator veli paletini elevate soft palate to close off nasopharynx

Question 18

2nd stage of deglutition

Answer 18

• involuntary
• palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus elevate pharynx to receive food
• suprahyoid muscle elevates hyoid and larynx to close larynx with epiglottis

Question 19

3rd stage of deglutition

Answer 19

• involuntary
• constriction of pharyngeal constrictors passes food to esophagus
• once in esophagus, peristalsis takes over

Question 20

larynx lies in front of which vertebral level

Answer 20

C3-6

Question 21

motor innervation to muscles of larynx

Answer 21

all innervated by recurrent laryngeal

except cricothyroid- external laryngeal