The B Vitamins Flashcards
Thiamin forms _________ _________ (__)
Thiamin pyro phosphate (TPP)
B vitamins function as
Coenzymes
Pyruvate —-?–> acetyl-CoA
Thiamin pyro phosphate (TPP)
Loss of CO2
Thiamin = B __
B1
a ketoglutatate —?—>succinyl CoA
Thiamin pyro phosphate (TPP)
Loss of CO2
This B vitamin is involved in carboxylation reactions (lose CO2)
Thiamin (B1)
________ _____ ______(___) is one coenzyme firm of riboflavin and it can accept 2 hydrogenated in oxidation reactions
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
This B vitamin functions in oxidation reduction reactions
Riboflavin (B2)
Succinate —?–> fumarate
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) , comes out in the reduced form (FADH2)
Fatty acid —?–> acetyl CoA
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) , comes out in the reduced form (FADH2)
The reduced form (FADH2) can enter the ______ _____system (also called ________ ________), be oxidized back to _____ and 2 molecules of ___ will be formed.
Electron transport system
Oxidative phosphorylation
FAD
ATP
Like riboflavin, ______ also is a coenzyme for some oxidation reduction reactions.
Niacin
______ _______ ______ ( NAD) is one coenzyme formed from niacin and can also accept two hydrogenated in oxidation reactions.
Nicotinomide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
This is involved in several reactions in glycolysis and the krebs cycle
Nicotinomide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Fatty acids —?–>acetyl CoA
Nicotinomide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and comes out NADH2
______ can enter the electron transport system, be oxidized back to ____ and ____ molecules of ATP will be formed. ( niacin)
NADH2
NAD
3
Another coenzyme form of niacin ____, is necessary for some synthetic reactions such as fatty acid synthesis.
NADP
______ is part of the structure of coenzyme A (CoA)
Pantothenic acid
______ is found in many places in the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and also in synthetic reactions
Coenzyme A (CoA)
Acetyl CoA has a central role in
Metabolism
Fatty acid oxidation behind with the formation of _____ _______ __
Fatty acyl-CoA
CoA compounds are necessary for ______ _____ _____.
Fatty acid synthesis
a-ketoglutarate —?–> succinyl-CoA
CoA
Loss of CO2
Propionate –?–> succinyl-CoA
CoA
Loss of CO2
Pyridoxine = B___
B6
Pyridoxine forms a coenzyme called ________ ________ which is necessary for several enzymes involved in ______ _____ _______.
Pyridoxal phosphate
Amino acid metabolism
All amino acid trans animation ad deamination require ________ ________.
Pyridoxal phosphate
The amino group NH2 must be removed before an amino acid can be oxidized via the _______ ____ for energy or used for ____________.
Krebs cycle
Gluconeogenesis
________ is required in the de carboxylation of amino acids
Pyridoxal phosphate
______ involved in carboxylation reactions in which CO2 is added to forms a new C-C bond.
Biotin
Pyruvate —?–> oxaloacetate
Gluconeogenesis
Biotin
+CO2
Acetyl -CoA –?–> malonyl-CoA
Fatty acid synthesis
Biotin
+CO2
Propionate –?–> succinyl-CoA
ruminant gluconeogenesis also non ruminants
Biotin
+CO2
Involved in the transfer of methyl groups such as in some amino acid reactions and the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
Folic acid
Cobalamin = B __
B12
Propionate —?–> succinyl -CoA
Cobalamin
CO2
Biotin
CoA
Involved for normal blood cell formation
Cobalamin
Involved in the transfer of methyl groups (similar to folic acid)
Cobalamin
