Feedstuffs And Terminology Flashcards
Feeds that are generally high in energy, low in fiber, and usually are highly digestible
Concentrates
Cereal grains (corn, milo, sorghum grain, wheat, oats , barely ) oil meals ( SBM, CSM linseed meal ) molasses , dried milk product
Concentrates
Feeds that are high in fiber, low in energy and less digestible
Roughages
Legume hays, grass hays, straws, silage, stover and fresh grass
Roughages
What are the 8 categories of feeds
- Dry roughages or dry forages
- Pasture and range plants
- Silages and haylages
- Energy feeds
- Protein supplements
- Mineral supplements
- Vitamin supplements
- Additives
Dry forages and roughages are high in ________
Lower ________
Low in _______
>_____% crude fiber
Fiber
Digestibility
Energy
>18% CF
Vegetative part of plant
Forage
A coarse bulky feed
Roughage
Hay, straw, fodder, stover, hulls, shells, pasture and range crops, some silages
- Dry forages and roughages
Includes all forage feeds either not cut ( including feeds cured on the stem) or cut an fed fresh ( green chop or spoilage)
Grazed plants either growing or dormant
- Pasture and range plants
Fermented forages stored under anaerobic conditions
Microbial fermentation
- Silages and haylages
Silage is ____-____% DM
Haylage is ___-_____% DM
35-40%DM
40-60%DM
Soilage
Green crops used to feed confined animals
Feeds high in energy, low in fiber
Highly digestible
>70% TDN <20%CP
- Energy feeds
Cereal grains ( corn, wheat, oats, barely, sorghum grain, rye) mill by products ( corn gluten, bran) whole cottonseeds, fats and oils
- Energy feeds
Feeds containing more than 20% protein or protein equivalent (high in nitrogen)
highly digestible
- protein supplements
soybean meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, peanut meal, meat meal, fish meal, feather meal, urea, brewer’s grains.
- Protein supplements
what is the number 6 category of feeds
- Mineral Supplements
how many mineral are known to be required (swine)
13
what are the 7 macro minerals required by swine?
Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, S, K
what are the 6 trace(micro) minerals required by swine?
Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn
what mineral is needed for vitamin B12?
Cobalt (Co)
what three minerals are the requirements not established
F, Mo, Cr,
of the macro minerals, which are usually added to livestock rations?
NaCl, Ca, P
which two minerals are added to feeds during specify seasons? which season?
Mg, S
Spring, grasses are low in Mg
T/F: commercial mineral mixtures meet the needs of the livestock it is used for
False, one size does not fit all
Rumen microorganisms synthesize what vitamins
B, K, C
what three vitamins are the main concern for ruminants
A, D, E
what is the seventh category of feedstuff.
- Vitamin Supplements
what two vitamins are synthesized by cecal microorganisms in the horse
Vit C and K
what 2 B Vitamins are suggested for horses under a heavy work load
Riboflavin, Niacin
what are the three products of anaerobic fermentation of soilage and haylage
acetic acid
butyric acid,
lactic acid
what are the three products of rumen fermentation
acetic acid
propionic acid
butyric acid
what is the number 8 category of feedstuff
- additives
nonnutritive substance which when added to feed will improve feed efficiency and or the production of animals
- additives
Ionophores bloat control (poloxalene) anthelmintics drugs/antibiotics hormones flavoring agents
- additives
rumensin and bovatec are
ionophores
what do ionophores do
alters fermentation, increases efficiency by 10-15%, makes more propionic acid. eat less but gain same amount
what are anthelmintics
dewormers
a substance that is implanted into the body for the purpose of growth promotion or controlling some physiological function
ex: compudose, ralgro, synovex -S, H, C
Implants (no #)
implants are also called
nutritive partitioning additives
