Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > The Axial Skeleton - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > Flashcards

The Axial Skeleton - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

forms the longitudinal axis of the body

A

axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

axial skeleton is composed of

A

80 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

axial skeleton is composed of 80 bones including the

A

skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of Axial Skeleton

A
  • provides a strong structural support column for the body.
  • encase major organs, including the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and heart and provide protection for these soft tissues.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

protects the delicate brain, provides attachment sites for head and neck muscles, and houses the major sensory organs for vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell.

A

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functions of skull

A
  • protects the delicate brain, provides attachment sites for head and neck muscles
  • houses the major sensory organs for vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The skull and associated bones total

A

29 bones:
- 22 skull bones (8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones)
- 6 auditory ossicles
- the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

22 skull bones is composed of

A

8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the hyoid bone discussed with the skull because of its

A

proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

supports the trunk, protects the spinal cord, and provides attachment sites for the ribs and for the muscles of the neck and back.

A

Vertebral Column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In fetuses and infants, the vertebral column consists of

A

33 separate vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adults have only _____________ because ___________ of these bones eventually fuse to form two composite bones—the sacrum and coccyx.

A

26 vertebral bones; nine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In fetuses and infants, the vertebral column consists of 33 separate vertebrae. However, adults have only 26 vertebral bones because nine of these bones eventually fuse to form two composite bones—the ____________________________

A

sacrum and coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

forms a protective structure around the organs of the thoracic cavity.

A

Thoracic Cage (rib cage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

other term for thoracic cage

A

rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thoracic Cage (rib cage) consists of

A

sternum and the paired ribs (a total of 25 bones), the costal cartilages, and the thoracic vertebrae of the vertebral column.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

eight bones that form the cranium

A

Cranial Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cranial Bones are connected by immovable articulations called

A

sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The cranium can be divided into two major areas:

A
  • cranial vault
  • cranial base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • forms the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull
A

Cranial Vault (calvarium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

other term for cranial vault

A

calvarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • forms the bottom of the skull
A

Cranial Base (cranial floor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

other term for cranial base

A

cranial floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The cranial base has three distinct depressions:

A

anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how many are the facial bones

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • form the framework for the face, anchor the facial muscles, secure the teeth, and house special sense organs for vision, taste, and smell.
A

facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • All of the facial bones are joined by __________ (except for the mandible, which is joined to the cranium by a freely movable joint).
A

sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  • All of the facial bones are joined by sutures (except for the _____________, which is joined to the cranium by a freely movable joint).
A

mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

forms the anterior portion of the cranium.

A

Frontal Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Features of the frontal bone include:

A
  • frontal squama (forehead)
  • supraorbital foramen (notch)
  • glabella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

other term for frontal squama

A

forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

othe rterm for supraorbital foramen

A

notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • an opening above each orbit that serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves
A

Supraorbital Foramen (notch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • the smooth area between the eyes
A

Glabella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • form the superior portion and part of the lateral walls of the cranium
A

Parietal Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • connects the two parietal bones
A

Sagittal Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • connects the parietal bones to the frontal bone
A

Coronal Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • connects the temporal bone with the parietal bone
A

Squamous Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q
  • connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones
A

Lambdoid Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • connects the temporal bone (near the mastoid process) to the occipital bone
A

Occipitomastoid Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
  • form part of the lateral walls of the cranium inferior to the parietal bones
A

Temporal Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Temporal Bones are divided into the

A

squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q
  • house a total of six tiny bones called auditory ossicles, which function in the special sense of hearing.
A

Temporal Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Temporal Bones house a total of six tiny bones called

A

auditory ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

function in the special sense of hearing

A

auditory ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q
  • One important bone marking of the squamous region of the temporal bone
A

Zygomatic Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q
  • a bar-like structure that projects anteriorly to articulate with the zygomatic bone
A

Zygomatic Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

along with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, it forms the zygomatic arch (cheekbone)

A

Zygomatic Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Zygomatic Process along with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, it forms the

A

zygomatic arch (cheekbone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

other term for zygomatic arch

A

cheekbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
  • another bone marking of the temporal bone
  • a depression where the mandibular condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone
A

Mandibular Fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Important bone markings of the tympanic region of the temporal bone include the:

A
  • external acoustic meatus
  • styloid process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q
  • conducts sound waves toward the eardrum
A

External Acoustic Meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q
  • a sharp projection that serves as the attachment site for some muscles of the tongue and pharynx
A

styloid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q
  • is also the attachment site for the ligament that anchors the hyoid bone to the skull
A

styloid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q
  • in the mastoid region
  • a prominent projection that serves as an attachment site for some neck muscles
A

mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Important bone markings of the petrous region of the temporal bone include the:

A
  • jugular foramen
  • carotid canal
  • foramen lacerum
  • internal acoustic meatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q
  • a passageway for three cranial nerves and for the internal jugular vein, which drains blood from the brain
A

Jugular Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q
  • drains blood from the brain
A

Internal Jugular Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q
  • a passageway for the internal carotid artery, which delivers blood to the brain
A

Carotid Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q
  • delivers blood to the brain
A

Internal Carotid Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q
  • a jagged opening that serves as a passageway for small arteries supplying blood to the inner surface of the cranium
A

Foramen Lacerum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q
  • a passageway for two cranial nerves.
A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q
  • In a living person, the foramen lacerum is mostly filled with
A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q
  • forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium
A

Occipital Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q
  • is a large opening on the inferior surface of the skull where the brain and spinal cord meet
A

Foramen Magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q
  • are rounded projections that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas) to form the atlanto-occipital joint, which allows you to nod “yes.”
A

Occipital Condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Occipital Condyles are rounded projections that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas) to form the _____________________

A

atlanto-occipital joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

atlanto-occipital joint

A

allows you to nod “yes.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q
  • are openings through which a cranial nerve pass
A

Hypoglossal Canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q
  • is a ridge of bone that extends posteriorly from the foramen magnum and ends at the external occipital protuberance
A

External Occipital Crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q
  • is a small, mid-line bump at the end of the external occipital crest
A

External Occipital Protuberance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q
  • it occurs at the junction between the base and the posterior wall of the skull
A

External Occipital Protuberance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q
  • are small transverse ridges on either side of the external occipital protuberance
A

Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q
  • they are created by neck muscle attachments
A

Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q
  • a bat-shaped bone located posterior to the frontal bone, articulates with every other cranial bone
A

Sphenoid Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q
  • project laterally from the central body of the sphenoid bone and form part of the floor of the middle cranial fossa
A

Greater Wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q
  • are horn-shaped projections that form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
A

Lesser Wings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q
  • project inferiorly from the greater wings and serve as attachment sites for muscles
A

Pterygoid Processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q
  • a long, slit-like opening between the greater and lesser wings, is a passageway for three cranial nerves
A

Superior Orbital Fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q
  • is a saddle-shaped area in the midline of the sphenoid bone containing the hypophyseal fossa (the seat of the saddle), which houses the pituitary gland (also called the hypophysis).
A

Sella Turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q
  • are openings at the base of the lesser wings that serve as passageways for the optic nerves
A

Optic Canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Optic Canals six openings—

A
  • the oval-shaped FORAMINA OVALE posterior to the sella turcica
  • the round FORAMINA ROTUNDUM lateral to the sella turcica
  • the small FORAMINA SPINOSUM lateral to the foramina ovale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q
  • serve as passageways for another cranial nerve and an artery
A

Optic Canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q
  • is the most deeply situated bone of the skull
A

Ethmoid Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q
  • a superior projection in the midline of the ethmoid bone
A

Crista Galli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q
  • is attached to the brain by connective tissue wrappings and helps secure the brain within the cranial cavity
A

Crista Galli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q
  • located on either side of the crista galli
A

Cribriform Plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q
  • bony plates studded with olfactory foramina that serve as passageways for fibers of the olfactory cranial nerves
A

Cribriform Plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q
  • forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
A

Perpendicular Plate

91
Q
  • are thin scrolls of bone that project into the nasal cavity on either side of the perpendicular plate
A

Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae

92
Q
  • they create air turbulence that slows air movement, warms and moistens inhaled air, and removes dust before the air reaches the delicate tissues of the lower respiratory tract.
A

Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae

93
Q

other term for Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae

A

turbinates

94
Q
  • articulates with the temporal bones at the mandibular fossae to form the only freely movable joints of the skull
A

Mandible

95
Q

other term form Mandible

A

lower jawbone

96
Q
  • is the horizontal part of the bone that forms the inferior jawline (chin) and anchors the lower teeth.
A

Body of the Mandible (Mandibular Body)

97
Q
  • the superior border of the mandibular body, contains the tooth sockets
A

Alveolar Process

98
Q
  • are openings in the mandible that serve as passageways for nerves and blood vessels supplying the lips and chin.
A

Mental Foramina

99
Q
  • is an upright “branch” of the mandible that serves as the attachment site for a muscle that assists in elevating (closing) the jaw
A

Mandibular Ramus

100
Q
  • is the area at which the body meets the ramus
A

Mandibular Angle

101
Q
  • is a rounded projection that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
A

Mandibular Condyle

102
Q

Mandibular Condyle is a rounded projection that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

103
Q
  • is the insertion site for a muscle that closes the mouth.
A

Coronoid Process

104
Q
  • is the indentation between the coronoid process and the mandibular condyle
A

Mandibular Notch

105
Q
  • form the upper jawbone
A

Maxillae

106
Q

Maxillae are considered the

A

“keystone bones”

107
Q
  • are considered the “keystone bones” of the face because they articulate with all other facial bones except the mandible.
A

Maxillae

108
Q
  • inferior border of the bones
  • contains the tooth sockets
A

Alveolar Process

109
Q
  • project medially from the alveolar margin to form the anterior portion of the hard palate (the bony roof of the mouth).
A

Palatine Processes

110
Q
  • an opening on the inferior midline of the palatine process, leads into the incisive canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves
A

Incisive Fossa

111
Q
  • an opening below the orbit, and the inferior orbital fissure
A

Infraorbital Foramen

112
Q
  • a slit-like opening in the floor of the orbit, provide passageways for blood vessels and nerves
A

Infraorbital Foramen

113
Q
  • the smallest bones in the skull, are located in the medial portion of each orbit
A

Lacrimal Bones

114
Q
  • a deep groove
  • contains a lacrimal sac
A

Lacrimal Fossa

115
Q
  • collects tears and drains the fluid into the nasal cavity
A

Lacrimal Sac

116
Q

of the zygomatic bones) plus the zygomatic processes of the temporal bones form the zygomatic arches, which form the lateral rims of the orbits

A

temporal processes

117
Q
  • form the bridge of the nose
A

Nasal Bones

118
Q
  • forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
A

Vomer Bone

119
Q
  • Posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae
A

Palatine Bones

120
Q
  • which, with the palatine processes of the maxillae, form the hard palate (the bony roof of the mouth).
A

Palatine Bones

121
Q
  • are paired bones that project medially to form the lower, lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
A

Inferior Nasal Conchae (Turbinates)

122
Q
  • located in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones
A

Paranasal Sinuses

123
Q
  • are air-filled, mucus-lined cavities that connect with the nasal cavity.
A

Paranasal Sinuses

124
Q
  • They lighten the skull, add resonance to the voice, and warm, moisten, and clean inhaled air.
A

Paranasal Sinuses

125
Q

The bones of the skull develop from _________________ in the developing embryo

A

fibrous membranes

126
Q

At birth, ________________—commonly called “soft spots”—remain between the cranial bones.

A

fontanels

127
Q

fontanels —commonly called ________________

A

“soft spots”

128
Q

These unossified fibrous membranes allow the fetal skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal and then permit brain growth during infancy.

A

fontanels

129
Q
  • the largest fontanel
A

Anterior Fontanel

130
Q
  • is diamond shaped and is located along the midline of the skull between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones
A

Anterior Fontanel

131
Q
  • usually closes 18–24 months after birth
A

Anterior Fontanel

132
Q
  • located along the midline between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone
A

Posterior Fontanel

133
Q
  • usually closes around 2 months after birth
A

Posterior Fontanel

134
Q
  • small, irregularly shaped
  • are located between the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
A

Sphenoid Fontanels

135
Q
  • they usually close around 3 months after birth
A

Sphenoid Fontanels

136
Q
  • are located between the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones
A

Mastoid Fontanels

137
Q
  • their complete closure occurs around 12 months after birth
A

Mastoid Fontanels

138
Q
  • divides the left and right frontal bones and closes completely at 3–9 month of age
A

Frontal Suture

139
Q
  • inferior to the mandible and is C-shaped
A

Hyoid Bone

140
Q
  • unique because it does not articulate with any other bone but instead is suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bone by ligaments and muscles
A

Hyoid Bone

141
Q
  • serves as a moveable base for the tongue
A

Hyoid Bone

142
Q
  • horizontal part of hyoid bone
  • is an attachment site for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during swallowing and speech.
A

Body

143
Q
  • attachment sites for other muscles and ligaments
A

Greater and Lesser Horns

144
Q
  • provides support for the head, neck, and trunk, and protection for the spinal cord
A

Vertebral Column

145
Q

other term for vertebrae

A
  • adult vertebral column, or spine
146
Q
  • a flexible chain of 26 bones
A

vertebrae

147
Q
  • Fibrocartilage pads
A

Intervertebral Discs

148
Q
  • cushion adjacent vertebrae (except the first two vertebrae, the atlas and the axis).
A

Intervertebral Discs

149
Q

The bones of the vertebral column are grouped into five regions:

A
  • cervical vertebrae (7)
  • thoracic vertebrae (12)
  • lumbar vertebrae (5)
  • sacrum (1)
  • coccyx (1)
150
Q

When viewed from the side, the adult vertebral column exhibits

A

four normal curves

151
Q

are concave posteriorly

A

cervical and lumbar curvatures

152
Q

are convex posteriorly.

A

thoracic and sacral curvatures

153
Q

A typical vertebra has a ____________________ (or centrum) that forms the vertebra’s anterior portion and bears the weight of superior structures.

A

rounded body

154
Q
  • a vertebra’s posterior portion
  • composed of two pedicles and two laminae
A

Vertebral Arch

155
Q

Vertebral Arch is composed of

A

two pedicles and two laminae

156
Q
  • connect the arch to the body
A

pedicles

157
Q
  • form the rest of the arch
A

laminae

158
Q
  • created by inferior sides of the pedicles curved superiorly
A

Inferior Vertebral Notch

159
Q
  • created by superior sides of the pedicles curved inferiorly
A

Superior Vertebral Notch

160
Q

Each vertebral arch also has the following seven features:

A
  • a spinous process
  • two transverse processes
  • two superior articular processes
  • two inferior articular processes
161
Q

a medial posterior projection that arises from the junction of the two laminae

A

spinous process

162
Q

which project laterally from either side of the vertebral arch

A

transverse processes

163
Q

which project superiorly from the pedicle-lamina junction and articulate with the inferior articular processes of the vertebra immediately superior to it at facets

A

superior articular processe

164
Q

which project inferiorly from the pedicle-lamina junction and articulate with the superior articular processes of the vertebra immediately inferior to it at facets

A

inferior articular processes

165
Q
  • present in each vertebra
  • an opening that lies between the body and the vertebral arch
A

Vertebral Foramen

166
Q
  • adjacent vertebral foramina form the vertebral canal, which houses the spinal cord
A

Vertebral Foramen

167
Q

A typical cervical vertebra is characterized by:

A

1) an oval-shaped body
2) transverse foramina for the passage of the vertebral arteries, which supply blood to the brain, and of the vertebral veins, which drain blood from the brain
3) a bifid (forked) spinous process
4) a triangular vertebral foramen.

168
Q

The first two cervical vertebrae:

A
  • atlas (C1)
  • axis (C2)
169
Q

is named after Atlas, the mythical Greek god who carried the world on his shoulders.

A

Atlas (C1)

170
Q
  • is the only vertebra that articulates with the skull
A

Atlas (C1)

171
Q
  • lacks a vertebral body and has no spinous process
A

Atlas (C1)

172
Q
  • is essentially a ring of bone containing anterior arches that meet at the anterior tubercle and posterior arches that meet at the posterior tubercle, with lateral masses on either side
A

Atlas (C1)

173
Q
  • receive the occipital condyles of the occipital bone of the skull, and the inferior articular facets articulate with the axis, which is inferior to it.
A

Superior Articular Facets

174
Q
  • the joint between C1 and C2
A

Atlantoaxial Joint

175
Q
  • one of the axis’s unique features
  • projects superiorly from the body
  • articulates with the enlarged vertebral foramen of the atlas.
A

Dens (odontoid process)

176
Q

other term for Dens

A

odontoid process

177
Q
  • most inferior cervical vertebra
  • has a spinous process that is larger than those of other cervical vertebra, and it is not bifid
A

Vertebra Prominens (C7)

178
Q
  • it can be felt (palpated) through the skin
  • is used as an anatomical landmark for counting the vertebrae
A

Vertebra Prominens (C7)

179
Q

Each of the 12 thoracic vertebrae is characterized by:

A

1) a heart-shaped body bearing four (two inferior and two superior) small facets (costal facets), where a rib articulates with the vertebra
2) a spinous process that points sharply inferiorly
3) a circular vertebral foramen
The five lumbar vertebrae are characterized by having:
1) large sizes and weights
2) wide, kidney-shaped bodies;
3) blunt, hatchet-shaped spinous processes; and
4) triangular vertebral foramina

180
Q
  • is an irregular, wedge-shaped bone composed of five fused vertebrae that articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra at the flattened base and superior articular processes, and with the coccyx at the apex
A

Sacrum

181
Q
  • articulate with the ilium of each coxal bone to form the posterior wall of the bony pelvis
A

Auricular Surfaces

182
Q
  • fusion of the sacral bones before birth consolidates the vertebral canal
A

Sacral Canal

183
Q

the fifth sacral vertebra the sacral canal

A

Sacral Hiatus

184
Q
  • among the sacrum’s important bone markings
  • through which sacral nerves pass
A

Sacral Foramina

185
Q
  • formed by the spinous processes of the five fused vertebrae
A

Median Sacral Crest

186
Q
  • provides attachment sites for muscles of the lower back and hip
A

Median Sacral Crest

187
Q
  • formed by the transverse processes of the five fused vertebrae
A

Lateral Sacral Crest

188
Q
  • provides attachment sites for muscles of the lower back and hip
A

Lateral Sacral Crest

189
Q
  • prominent bulge on the anterosuperior margin
A

Sacral Promontory

190
Q
  • is an important anatomical landmark in females during pelvic exams and during labor and delivery
A

Sacral Promontory

191
Q
  • On either side of the sacral promontory
A

Alae

192
Q
  • mark the sites of vertebral fusion
A

tranverse lines

193
Q
  • is composed of three to five fused vertebrae with hornlike projections, each called a coccygeal cornu.
A

coccyx

194
Q

coccyx is composed of three to five fused vertebrae with hornlike projections, each called a

A

coccygeal cornu

195
Q
  • offers slight support to the pelvic organs and serves as a point of attachment for the muscles of the pelvic floor.
A

coccyx

196
Q
  • consists of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae
A

thoracic cage

197
Q

thoracic cage or

A

ribcage

198
Q

functions of thoracic cage or ribcage

A

1) forms a protective cage around the organs of the thoracic cavity
2) provides support for the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and the upper appendages
3) provides attachment sites for skeletal muscles of the neck, back, chest, and shoulders.

199
Q
  • a “dagger-shaped” bone located in the anterior midline of the thorax
A

sternum

200
Q

thoracic cage or ribcage consists of

A

the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae

201
Q

Sternum is a composite bone resulting from the fusion of three bones:

A
  • superior manubrium
  • middle body
  • inferior xiphoid process
202
Q

Features of the sternum include

A
  • suprasternal notch
  • clavicular notch
  • sternal angle
  • xiphisternal joint
203
Q
  • is located medially at the level of the intervertebral disc between T2 and T3
A

Suprasternal Notch (or jugular notch)

204
Q

other term for Suprasternal Notch

A

jugular notch

205
Q
  • where the clavicle forms a joint with the manubrium
A

Clavicular Notch

206
Q
  • a landmark for finding rib 2 when using a stethoscope to listen to heart sounds
A

Sternal Angle

207
Q
  • behind which the heart sits on the diaphragm
A

Xiphisternal Joint

208
Q
  • The wedge-shaped vertebral (medial) end of a rib bone
A

Head (Ribs)

209
Q
  • bulk of each rib
A

Shaft

210
Q

The superior border of the shaft is smooth, whereas its inferior border is sharp and thin and contains a __________________, which houses intercostal nerves and blood vessels.

A

costal groove

211
Q
  • houses intercostal nerves and blood vessels.
A

costal groove

212
Q
  • the constricted area between the head and the shaft
A

(ribs)

213
Q
  • Each rib has two articular facets: one that articulates with a vertebral body and one that articulates with the vertebral transverse process.
A

Articular Facets

214
Q
  • the portion of a rib that is immediately lateral to the neck
A

Tubercle

215
Q
  • contains a facet that articulates with a transverse process of a thoracic vertebra
A

Tubercle

216
Q
  • is a bend where the shaft begins to curve toward the sternum
A

Angle

217
Q
  • Rib pairs 1–7
A

True Ribs (or vertebrosternal ribs)

218
Q

other term for True Ribs

A

vertebrosternal ribs

219
Q
  • they attach to the sternum by their own cartilage
A

True Ribs (or vertebrosternal ribs)

220
Q
  • Rib pairs 8–12
A

False Ribs

221
Q
  • they either attach indirectly to the sternum (by way of cartilage immediately above each rib) or entirely lack a sternal attachment.
A

False Ribs

222
Q
  • rib pairs 8 through 10
A

Vertebrochondral Ribs

223
Q
  • rib pairs 11 and 12
A

Floating (or Vertebral) Ribs

Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions