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Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > Cardiovascular System - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other vital substances to the tissues of the body and then transports waste materials from the body cells to their elimination sites.

A

the cardiovascular system—the blood, heart, and blood vessels

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2
Q

a fist-sized, four-chambered muscular pump lying within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity

A

heart

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3
Q

surrounded by a double-layered membrane called the pericardium

A

heart

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4
Q

a double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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5
Q

Blood vessels enter and leave the heart at its broad __________

A

base

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6
Q

the inferior tip of the heart is called the

A

apex

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7
Q

The pericardium consists of an outer, dense irregular connective tissue layer called

A

fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

anchors the heart to surrounding structures

A

fibrous pericardium

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9
Q

The pericardium consists of an outer, dense irregular connective tissue layer—the fibrous pericardium— that anchors the heart to surrounding structures, and an
inner _____________________________

A

serous pericardium

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10
Q

the inner serous pericardium is composed of two layers separated by a narrow serous fluid-filled cavity called the

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

reduces friction during muscular contraction.

A

pericardial fluid

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12
Q

the outer layer of the serous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

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13
Q

is fused to the fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

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14
Q

the inner layer of the serous pericardium

A

visceral pericardium

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15
Q

is attached to the heart muscle and forms the epicardium

A

visceral pericardium

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16
Q

the outer layer of the heart wall

A

epicardium

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17
Q

The heart wall also contains a middle muscular layer called the

A

myocardium

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18
Q

The heart wall also contains a middle muscular layer called the myocardium and an inner layer called the

A

endocardium

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19
Q

is composed of a specialized simple squamous epithelium that rests on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue, and it is continuous with the innermost lining of blood vessels throughout the body

A

endocardium

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20
Q

Two superior thin-walled chambers

A

atria

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21
Q

receive and direct blood coming into the heart

A

atria

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22
Q

on the outer surface of each atrium is a flap-like structure called an

A

auricle

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23
Q

receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae of the systemic circuit and the coronary sinus of the coronary circulation

A

right atrium

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24
Q

receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins of the pulmonary circuit.

A

left atrium

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25
Q

Lining the right atrium are comb-like muscular ridges called

A

pectinate muscles

26
Q

provide additional strength to the atrial wall

A

pectinate muscles

27
Q

The atria are separated by a thin wall called the

A

interatrial septum

28
Q

A depression in the interatrial septum called the

A

fossa ovalis

29
Q

is the remnant of the foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

30
Q

an opening between the right and left atria by which the pulmonary circuit is bypassed in the fetus.

A

foramen ovale

31
Q

Two inferior thick-walled chambers, called _______________,
pump blood.

A

ventricles

32
Q

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary trunk, which branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries.

A

right ventricle

33
Q

the right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary circuit via the

A

pulmonary trunk

34
Q

a band of connective tissue at the point where the pulmonary trunk branches into the right artery and left pulmonary arteries

A

ligamentum arteriosum

35
Q

is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

36
Q

a fetal blood vessel that shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

37
Q

receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the systemic circuit via the ascending aorta.

A

left ventricle

38
Q

The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the systemic circuit via the?

A

ascending aorta

39
Q

Both ventricular walls are characterized by the presence of a distinct network of muscular ridges called

A

trabeculae carneae

40
Q

Four valves within the heart ensure that blood continues flowing in one direction only:

A
  • tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve)
  • mitral (bicuspid) valve (or left atrioventricular valve)
  • pulmonary valve (or pulmonary semilunar valve)
  • pulmonary valve (or pulmonary semilunar valve)
41
Q

prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium

A

tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve)

42
Q

prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium

A

mitral (bicuspid) valve (or left atrioventricular valve)

43
Q

open when the contracting ventricles pump blood into the arteries and then close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles.

A

pulmonary valve (or pulmonary semilunar valve) and aortic valve (or aortic semilunar valve)

44
Q

The tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves are anchored to the _______________________ of the ventricular wall by structures called ________________________

A

papillary muscles; chordae tendineae

45
Q

is the predominant tissue type of the heart

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

46
Q

are short, branched, uninucleate cells filled with the contractile proteins action and myosin

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

47
Q

The regular arrangement of the actin and myosin produces ______________ giving the cells a striped appearance.

A

striations

48
Q

Individual cardiac muscle fibers are connected by structures called

A

intercalated discs

49
Q

Intercalated discs contain both

A

desmosomes and gap junctions

50
Q

anchoring junctions that prevent cardiac muscle fibers from
pulling apart during contraction

A

desmosomes

51
Q

junctions that allow the movement of materials from one cell to the next

A

gap junctions

52
Q

Deoxygenated blood ejected into the pulmonary trunk by the right ventricle enters the _____________________

A

pulmonary circuit

53
Q

Oxygenated blood pumped by the left ventricle through the aorta enters the ______________________ and is distributed to all parts of the body before returning to the right atrium via one of the venae cavae.

A

systemic circuit

54
Q

A branch of the systemic circuit—the _____________________—supplies the myocardium with the oxygen and
nutrients needed for muscle contraction.

A

coronary circulation

55
Q

branches into the marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery

A

right coronary artery

56
Q

The right coronary artery branches into the

A

marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery.

57
Q

branches into the circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular artery

A

left coronary artery

58
Q

the left coronary artery branches into the

A

circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular artery

59
Q

The pulmonary circuit

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs by the right side of the heart.
  2. Gas exchange occurs between alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
  3. Oxygenated blood is returned to the left side of the heart.
60
Q

The systemic circuit

A
  1. Oxygenated blood is pumped to the body by the left side of the heart
  2. Gas exchange occurs between tissues and blood in the systemic capillaries.
  3. Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart.
61
Q

The myocardium is drained by the

A

great, middle, and small cardiac veins

62
Q

The myocardium is drained by the great, middle, and small
cardiac veins, all of which eventually empty into the ______________________, which drains into the right atrium.

A

coronary sinus

Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory (7 decks)

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