Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > Digestive System - Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory > Flashcards

Digestive System - Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

the structures of the digestive system can be placed into two groups:

A
  • organs of the alimentary canal
  • accessory digestive organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

organs of the alimentary canal

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

takes in food, breaks it down into its nutrient building blocks, absorbs the nutrients, and then rids the body of indigestible waste products.

A

digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is a physical process that increases the surface area of ingested food and prepares it for chemical digestion by enzymes

A

Mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are examples of the mechanical breakdown of food

A

chewing of food in the mouth and the churning of food in
the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

involves the action of hydrolytic enzymes that chemically break macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) into their building blocks.

A

Chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The processes involved in the mechanical and chemical digestion of food.

A
  1. Food is ingested and chemically and mechanically digested in the mouth into a bolus.
  2. The swallowing reflex propels the bolus to the stomach.
  3. The bolus is churned into chyme and chemically digested in the stomach.
  4. Chyme enters the duodenum and mixes with the pancreatic juice and bile.
  5. Nutrients are chemically digested and absorbed as chyme passes through the small intestine.
  6. Material passes into the large intestine where water, electrolytes, and vitamins are absorbed.
  7. Indigestible materials are excreted in the feces via defecation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

A

Simple sugars (monosaccharides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Building Blocks of Proteins

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Building Blocks of Lipids (Triglycerides)

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

A

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enzymes That Chemically Digest Carbohydrates

A
  • Salivary amylase
  • Pancreatic amylase
  • Intestinal amylase
  • Sucrase
  • Maltase
  • Lactase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

salivary gland

A

Salivary amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acinar cells of pancreas (carbohydrates)

A

Pancreatic amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

small intestine

A

Intestinal amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

brush border cells of small intestine

A

sucrase, maltase, lactase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Enzymes That Chemically Digest Proteins

A

Pepsin
Trypsin and chymotrypsin
Peptidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

chief cells of stomach (proteins)

A

Pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pancreas

A

Trypsin and chymotrypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Enzymes That Chemically Digest Lipids (Triglycerides)

A

Gastric lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Intestinal lipase

22
Q

brush border cells of small intestine (proteins)

A

peptidase

23
Q

chief cells of stomach (lipids)

A

Gastric lipase

24
Q

acinar cells of pancreas (lipids)

A

Pancreatic lipase

25
Q

brush border cells of small intestine (lipids)

A

Intestinal lipase

26
Q

Enzymes That Chemically Digest Nucleic Acids

A

Nucleases
Nucleosidases
Phosphatases

27
Q

acinar cells of pancreas (nucleic acids)

A

Nucleases

28
Q

brush border cells of small intestine (nucleic acids)

A

Nucleosidases, Phosphatases

29
Q

Enzymes exhibit specificity; they act only on particular substances called

A

substrates

30
Q

are proteins that function as biological catalysts; that is, they allow chemical reactions to occur very quickly.

A

enzymes

31
Q

Each enzyme has an ____________, a pocket on its surface to which a substrate binds to form an ____________________________.

A

active site; enzyme–substrate complex

32
Q

Environmental conditions such as increased temperature or decreased pH can cause enzymes to unfold, altering their three-dimensional shapes.

A

Denaturation

33
Q

the enzyme can no longer perform its role as a biological catalyst

A

Denaturation

34
Q

The type of macromolecule that first begins to be chemically
digested in the alimentary canal is

A

carbohydrates

35
Q

breaks down starch (a kind of polysaccharide) into shorter oligosaccharides and disaccharides.

A

salivary amylase

36
Q

Starch digestion continues until salivary amylase is inactivated by acidic _________________ in the stomach.

A

gastric juices

37
Q

Starches that are not broken down in the oral cavity are
broken down in the small intestine by

A

intestinal amylase and pancreatic amylase

38
Q

produce the enzymes sucrase, maltase, and lactase, which hydrolyze sucrose, maltose, and lactose, respectively, into their constituent monosaccharide building blocks.

A

intestinal brush border cells

39
Q

Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the

A

stomach

40
Q

contains cells that secrete both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsinogen.

A

gastric mucosa

41
Q

The gastric mucosa contains cells that secrete both

A

hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsinogen

42
Q

chemically break down the large polypeptides to smaller polypeptides and peptides

A

trypsin and chymotrypsin

43
Q

Lipids include

A

triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipds

44
Q

Triglycerides, also called

A

neutral fats

45
Q

are the most abundant dietary lipids.

A

Triglycerides

46
Q

are difficult to chemically digest because they are hydrophobic and thus tend to aggregate in large spherical droplets within the aqueous fluid in the digestive tract

A

Lipids

47
Q

The formation of droplets greatly reduces the surface area of lipid on which the water-soluble _______________ (fat-digesting enzymes) can act, because the enzymes can contact lipid molecules only on the outer surface of the droplets.

A

lipases

48
Q

stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile (which contains bile salts).

A

cholecystokinin (CCK)

49
Q

Bile salts remain associated with the digested fats to form small spheres of lipids called

A

micelles

50
Q

Most digestion of triglycerides occurs in the

A

small intestine

Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions