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Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > The Appendicular Skeleton - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory > Flashcards

The Appendicular Skeleton - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

The appendicular skeleton is composed of

A
  • two pectoral girdles with the attached upper limbs
  • pelvic girdle with the attached lower limbs
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2
Q

how many bone in appenidcular skeleton

A

126 bones

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3
Q

function of appendicular skeleton

A

enable us to move and manipulate our surroundings

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4
Q

attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton and provide attachment sites for many muscles of the trunk and neck

A

pectoral girdles

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5
Q

each consisting of an anterior clavicle and a posterior scapula

A

pectoral girdles

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6
Q

clavicle is commonly called the

A

collarbone

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7
Q

is an S-shaped flat bone and the only bony connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton.

A

clavicle

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8
Q

It anchors the arm to the body (such as when you hang from a tree branch).

A

clavicle

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9
Q

The major features of the clavicle include the

A
  • sternal (medial) end
  • acromial (lateral) end
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10
Q

articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

A

sternal (medial) end

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11
Q

the broader, flattened, roughened end that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

A

acromial (lateral) end

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12
Q

a point on the inferior surface of the lateral end of the clavicle, attaches the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula.

A

conoid tubercle

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13
Q

scapula is commonly called the

A

shoulder blade

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14
Q

is a large, triangular flat bone with superior, medial,
and lateral borders

A

scapula

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15
Q

(Scapula) The corners where the borders meet are the

A

superior, lateral, and inferior angles.

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16
Q

on the superior border serves as a passageway for
nerves

A

suprascapular notch

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17
Q

a flattened, expanded process that projects from the lateral end of the spine and articulates with the clavicle, is easily felt as the high point of the shoulder

A

acromion

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18
Q

a shallow depression inferior to the acromion, receives the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

A

glenoid cavity

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19
Q

extends anteriorly from the scapula and is an attachment site for several tendons and ligaments.

A

coracoid process

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20
Q

is a prominent ridge that divides the posterior surface of the scapula into the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa

A

spine

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21
Q

the bone of the arm

A

humerus

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22
Q

articulates with the shallow glenoid cavity to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. (humerus)

A

head

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23
Q

separates the diaphysis of the bone from the head.

A

anatomical neck

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24
Q

is so named because it is a common site of fractures that require surgical repair.

A

surgical neck

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25
Q

are attachment sites for shoulder muscles

A
  • greater tubercle
  • lesser tubercle
  • deltoid tuberosity
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26
Q

a depression that runs along the posterior margin of the deltoid tuberosity, marks the course of a nerve that extends to the forearm.

A

radial groove

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27
Q

the medial condyle on the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the ulna

A

trochlea

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28
Q

the lateral condyle on the distal end of the humerus,
articulates with the radius

A

capitulum

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29
Q

a depression on the anterodistal surface of the humerus, receives the coronoid process of the ulna

A

coronoid fossa

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30
Q

a depression on the posterodistal surface of the humerus,
receives the olecranon process of the ulna.

A

olecranon fossa

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31
Q

a small process proximal to the lateral condyle

A

lateral epicondyle

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32
Q

a small process proximal to the medial condyle, are attachment sites for forearm muscles

A

medial epicondyle

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33
Q

is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm

A

radius

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34
Q

proximal, disc-shaped _______________articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

A

radial head

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35
Q

is a constricted region distal to the head

A

radial neck

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36
Q

a projection just distal to the neck, is an attachment site for the biceps brachii, the major anterior arm muscle.

A

radial tuberosity

37
Q

located at the distal end of the radius, receives the head of the ulna.

A

ulnar notch

38
Q

forms the lateral boundary of the wrist

A

styloid process

39
Q

the medial bone of the forearm, is longer than the radius and connects to the radius through an interosseous membrane

A

ulna

40
Q

The ulna, the medial bone of the forearm, is longer than the radius and connects to the radius through an

A

The ulna (see Figure 10-5), the medial bone of the forearm,
is longer than the radius and connects to the radius through
an

41
Q

a process on the posterior surface of the proximal end, articulates with the humerus at the olecranon fossa.

A

olecranon

42
Q

on the anterior surface of the proximal end extends into the
coronoid fossa of the humerus during flexion. (ulna)

A

coronoid process

43
Q

a large, curved area between the olecranon and coronoid process, articulates with the humerus at the trochlea.

A

trochlear notch

44
Q

at the proximal end of the ulna receives the head of the radius

A

radial notch

45
Q

the distal end of the ulna, articulates with the lunate of the carpals.

A

ulnar head

46
Q

is a short projection of the ulnar head that creates the medial boundary of the wrist

A

styloid process

47
Q

The wrist, hand, and fingers consist of three sets of bones:

A

carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

48
Q

wrist or

A

carpus

49
Q

The wrist (carpus) consists of eight short carpal bones arranged into two transverse rows of four bones each. In the proximal row (lateral to medial) are the

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

50
Q

The wrist (carpus) consists of eight short carpal bones arranged into two transverse rows of four bones each. In the proximal row (lateral to medial) are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform. In the distal row (lateral to medial) are the

A

e trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

51
Q

The hand (manus) consists of _______metacarpal bones

A

five

52
Q

The fingers consists of _____ phalanges (singular = phalanx), or bones of the digits.

A

14

53
Q

consists of two large, irregular pelvic (hip) bones

A

pelvic girdle

54
Q

pelvic girdle is also called

A

coxal bone

55
Q

articulates with the sacrum of the vertebral column and attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

A

pelvic girdle

56
Q

Together, the pelvic bones and the sacrum and coccyx of the axial skeleton form the

A

bony pelvis

57
Q

Each pelvic bone is actually three separate bones

A

ilium,ischium, and pubis (pubic bone)

58
Q

a deep socket at the point of fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint

A

acetabulum

59
Q

the largest foramen in the skeleton, is formed by
the fusion of the ischium and pubis; blood vessels and nerves travel through it.

A

obturator foramen

60
Q

Finally, the joint where the two pubic bones meet is the

A

pubic symphysis

61
Q

is the largest and most superior bone of the pelvic bone

A

ilium

62
Q

is the long, superior ridge of the ilium you feel when you place your hands on your hips.

A

iliac crest

63
Q

is the joint between the pubis of each pelvic bone.

A

pubic symphysis

64
Q

formed where the inferior ramus of each pubic bone unites

A

pubic arch

65
Q

or thigh bone, is the heaviest, longest, and strongest bone in the body.

A

femur

66
Q

articulates proximally with a pelvic bone to form a hip joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

A

femur

67
Q

The head is a ball-shaped projection at the proximal end of the femur that contains a small, central depression called the

A

fovea capitis

68
Q

where a ligament extending from the acetabulum attaches to secure the femur in the hip joint.

A

fovea capitis

69
Q

a constricted region of the bone distolateral to the head, is the weakest part of the femur; its fracture results in a “broken hip.” (femur)

A

neck

70
Q

are attachment sites for hip muscles

A

greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter

71
Q

is a roughened projection on the posteroproximal surface that blends into a roughened line called the linea aspera

A

gluteal tuberosity

72
Q

large rounded projections on the distal femur—articulate with the lateral condyle of the tibia and the medial condyle of the tibia, respectively.

A

lateral condyle and the medial condyle

73
Q

projections located just superior to the condyles, serve as attachment sites for knee and hip muscles.

A

lateral and medial epicondyles

74
Q

the area between the condyles on the anterior surface, articulates with the patella

A

patellar surface

75
Q

or kneecap, is a small, triangular, sesamoid bone

A

patella

76
Q

The broad proximal end of patella is called the

A

base

77
Q

the pointed distal end of patella is called the

A

apex

78
Q

or shin bone, is second only to the femur in size and strength.

A

tibia

79
Q

It articulates proximally with the fibula and the femur, and distally with the fibula and the talus bone of the ankle.

A

tibia

80
Q

an irregular projection created by the ligaments of the knee joint, separates the lateral and medial condyles

A

intercondylar eminence

81
Q

a projection on the anterior proximal surface of the tibia, is an attachment site for the patellar ligament.

A

tibial tuberosity

82
Q

is a sharp ridge inferior to and continuous with the tibial tuberosity

A

anterior crest

83
Q

an expansion of the distal end of the tibia, articulates with the talus bone of the ankle and forms the prominence that can be felt on the medial surface of the ankle

A

medial malleolus

84
Q

a thin, stick-like bone that lies parallel and lateral to the tibia, articulates both proximally and distally with the tibia and is part of the knee joint.

A

fibula

85
Q

The ankle, foot, and toes consist of three sets of bones:

A

tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

86
Q

The ankle (tarsus) consists of seven short tarsal bones:

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • cuboid
  • medial cuneiform
  • intermediate cunieform
  • lateral cuneiform
87
Q

is the only ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and the fibula.

A

talus

88
Q

is the attachment site for the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon.

A

calcaneus (or heel bone)

Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory (7 decks)

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