The Art of Prescribing (M1) Flashcards
What are the major reasons to prescribe spectacles in children?
- refractive error
- ocular alignment
- protection
What is the period of susceptibility of amblyopia in which the patient is still susceptible but the damage is less severe? 1. What is the age range? 2
- sensitive period
2. 3 to 10 years old
When would you prescribe for less then 3 DC during development at an age less than 3yo?
- affects patient’s vision
2. stable over time
What percentage of infants have more than 1D of astigmatism? 1. Percentage of 2 year olds? 2. Adults? 3
- 50%
- 15%
- 10%
At what age do you prescribe for any astigmatism that affects vision?
3 and older
What are the refractive errors that commonly lead to refractive amblyopia for an anisometropic hyperope? 1. Myope? 2. Astigmat? 3
- over 1D
- over 3D
- over 1.5D
What causes infants to have greater astigmatism?
corneal toricity
Once corrected, will myopes be more esophoric or exophoric?
esophoric
What is the decrease in VA that indicates amblyopia?
- 20/40 or worse in one eye
2. two line difference between the two eyes
When would you prescribe for astigmatism right away while they are an infant?
greater than 3.00 DC
What is the period of susceptibility of amblyopia in which the sensitivity is maximal called? 1. What is the age range? 2
- critical period
2. birth to 3 years old
What percentage of all amblyopic patients have deprivation amblyopia? 1. What are the possible causes? 2. What is the potential visual loss? 3
- 3%
- condition during critical period or ocular pathology
- potentially severe vision loss
What can lead to myopia in infants?
- premature birth
2. systemic disease
What are the possible vision losses that can occur due to high myopia?
- retinal detachment
- macular problems
- chorioretinal degeneration
- inc spacing between photoreceptors
When do you prescribe for myopic infants? Why?
-3.00 or worse because world within 30cm
What are the refractive errors that commonly lead to refractive amblyopia for an isoametropic hyperope? 1. Myope? 2. Astigmat? 3
- over 5D
- over 8D
- over 2.5D
What are the amblyogenic risk factors wherein one must be present to diagnose amblyopia?
- anisometropia
- isoametropia (large bilateral refractive error)
- constant, unilateral strabismus
- visual deprivation
What are the types of refractive amblyopia?
- anisometropic (unilateral)
2. isoametropic (bilateral)
What is the period of susceptibility of amblyopia in which treatment is possible but with a guarded prognosis? 1. What is the age range? 2
- plastic period
2. over 10 years old
What is a decrease in visual acuity not immediately correctable by refractive means and not attributed to structural or pathological anomalies?
amblyopia
What is the cause of strabismic amblyopia? 1. What is well correlated with the angle of of strabismus? 2
- contant, unilateral strabismus
2. duration of strabismus
What percentage of myopes have onset by age 5 to 7? 1. Before 11 years? 2
- 25%
2. 75%
