The Art of Prescribing (M1)

Question 1

What are the major reasons to prescribe spectacles in children?

Answer 1

1. refractive error
2. ocular alignment
3. protection

Question 2

What is the period of susceptibility of amblyopia in which the patient is still susceptible but the damage is less severe? 1. What is the age range? 2

Answer 2

1. sensitive period

2. 3 to 10 years old

Question 3

When would you prescribe for less then 3 DC during development at an age less than 3yo?

Answer 3

1. affects patient’s vision

2. stable over time

Question 4

What percentage of infants have more than 1D of astigmatism? 1. Percentage of 2 year olds? 2. Adults? 3

Answer 4

1. 50%
2. 15%
3. 10%

Question 5

At what age do you prescribe for any astigmatism that affects vision?

Answer 5

3 and older

Question 6

What are the refractive errors that commonly lead to refractive amblyopia for an anisometropic hyperope? 1. Myope? 2. Astigmat? 3

Answer 6

1. over 1D
2. over 3D
3. over 1.5D

Question 7

What causes infants to have greater astigmatism?

Answer 7

corneal toricity

Question 8

Once corrected, will myopes be more esophoric or exophoric?

Answer 8

esophoric

Question 9

What is the decrease in VA that indicates amblyopia?

Answer 9

1. 20/40 or worse in one eye

2. two line difference between the two eyes

Question 10

When would you prescribe for astigmatism right away while they are an infant?

Answer 10

greater than 3.00 DC

Question 11

What is the period of susceptibility of amblyopia in which the sensitivity is maximal called? 1. What is the age range? 2

Answer 11

1. critical period

2. birth to 3 years old

Question 12

What percentage of all amblyopic patients have deprivation amblyopia? 1. What are the possible causes? 2. What is the potential visual loss? 3

Answer 12

1. 3%
2. condition during critical period or ocular pathology
3. potentially severe vision loss

Question 13

What can lead to myopia in infants?

Answer 13

1. premature birth

2. systemic disease

Question 14

What are the possible vision losses that can occur due to high myopia?

Answer 14

1. retinal detachment
2. macular problems
3. chorioretinal degeneration
4. inc spacing between photoreceptors

Question 15

When do you prescribe for myopic infants? Why?

Answer 15

-3.00 or worse because world within 30cm

Question 16

What are the refractive errors that commonly lead to refractive amblyopia for an isoametropic hyperope? 1. Myope? 2. Astigmat? 3

Answer 16

1. over 5D
2. over 8D
3. over 2.5D

Question 17

What are the amblyogenic risk factors wherein one must be present to diagnose amblyopia?

Answer 17

1. anisometropia
2. isoametropia (large bilateral refractive error)
3. constant, unilateral strabismus
4. visual deprivation

Question 18

What are the types of refractive amblyopia?

Answer 18

1. anisometropic (unilateral)

2. isoametropic (bilateral)

Question 19

What is the period of susceptibility of amblyopia in which treatment is possible but with a guarded prognosis? 1. What is the age range? 2

Answer 19

1. plastic period

2. over 10 years old

Question 20

What is a decrease in visual acuity not immediately correctable by refractive means and not attributed to structural or pathological anomalies?

Answer 20

amblyopia

Question 21

What is the cause of strabismic amblyopia? 1. What is well correlated with the angle of of strabismus? 2

Answer 21

1. contant, unilateral strabismus

2. duration of strabismus

Question 22

What percentage of myopes have onset by age 5 to 7? 1. Before 11 years? 2

Answer 22

1. 25%

2. 75%