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III. Vision of Children > Binocular Vision (M1) > Flashcards

Binocular Vision (M1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Bruckner test used for? 1. How far away should the examiner be? 2. How do you analyze it? 3. How old do you have to be to do this? 4

A
  1. presence of strabismus
  2. 1m
  3. brighter eye with direct ophthalmoscope light on it is strabismic
  4. 8 months
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2
Q

While asses binocular vision, what can be directly observed?

A
  1. head turn
  2. head tilt
  3. tipping chin
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3
Q

How is the accuracy of accommodation measured? 1. What is the distance of this? 2

A
  1. MEM

2. Harmon distance (their typical reading distance)

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4
Q

What age do you start doing cover testing?

A

1.5 years

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5
Q

Does the PASS vectographic stereopsis test use 2AFC or preferential looking?

A

2AFC

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6
Q

What is the typical appearance of an esotropia?

A
  1. epicanthal folds
  2. narrow interpupillary distance (IPD)
  3. deep set eyes
  4. negative angle kappa
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7
Q

When prescribing for a significant refractive error for the first time, when should the binocular vision be measured?

A

one month after

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8
Q

What is the test that is a prism stereopsis test? 1. Which one is good for babies (amount of seconds of arc)? 2. Which one is good for malingerers (amount of seconds of arc)? 3

A
  1. Lang stereotest
  2. Lang I
  3. Lang II
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9
Q

What percentage of 6 to 18 year olds have convergence insufficiency? 1. College aged? 2

A
  1. 5 to 7%

2. 7.7%

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10
Q

What is the method for determining the near point of convergence in young children? 1. Very young children? 2

A
  1. same as adult but watch for eye drift instead of asking them
  2. move small target towards nose and watch for convergence
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11
Q

How far should Hirschberg light be held from the patient?

A

33 to 50 cm

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12
Q

What is the test in which prism is added until the corneal reflex of the deviating eye is the same as angle kappa?

A

Krimsky test

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13
Q

What is the typical appearance of an exotropia?

A
  1. wide IPD

2. positive angle kappa

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14
Q

Does the Happy Face Stereo vectographic stereopsis test use 2AFC or preferential looking?

A

preferential looking (so can be used on infants)

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15
Q

How is the magnitude of accommodation measured?

A

amplitude of accommodation (push up or pull away)

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16
Q

What are the elements that are being analyzed when testing binocular vision?

A
  1. alignment (strabismus or phoria)
  2. fusion (motor or sensory)
  3. accommodation
17
Q

How is the flexibility of accommodation measured?

A

accommodative facility (+/-2.00 flippers and Rock card)

18
Q

What percentage of 6 to 18 year olds have convergence excess? 1. College aged? 2

A
  1. 4 to 8%

2. 1.5%

19
Q

What is the percentage of 6 to 72 month olds that have strabismus? 1. 6 to 12 month year olds? 2

A
  1. 3.7%

2. 1.1%

20
Q

What are the risk factors for strabismus in order of most common to least?

A
  1. cerebral palsy
  2. prematurity
  3. down syndrome
  4. smoking during pregnancy
21
Q

Does the Random Dot E vectographic stereopsis test use 2AFC or preferential looking?

A

2AFC

22
Q

While testing the fusional vergence with 10pd BO over the preferred eye, how is it analyzed?

A
  1. fusion if non-preferred eye abducts then adducts

2. no fusion if only abduct

23
Q

What can lead to false positives for the Brucker test?

A
  1. media opacities
  2. posterior pole abnormalities
  3. anisocoria
  4. anisometropia
24
Q

What percentage of 6 to 18 year olds have a accommodative disorder? 1. College aged? 2

A
  1. 6%

2. 17%

25
Q

What does stereopsis determine in a patient? 1. What does fusional vergence? 2

A
  1. sensory fusion

2. motor fusion

26
Q

Should Hirschberg or angle kappa be done first?

A

Hirschberg

27
Q

What is the test that analyzes real depth stereopsis? 1. What are the different seconds of arc obtained? 2

A
  1. Frisby stereotest

2. 340, 170, 55

III. Vision of Children (19 decks)

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