The Animal Body: Basic form and function

Question 1

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because
A) the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found.
B) the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal’s ability to learn.
C) the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota.
D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.
E) the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin

Answer 1

D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.

Question 2

As body size increases in animals,
A) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.
B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments.
C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate.
D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation.
E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments.

Answer 2

A) There is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.

Question 3

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that
both types of cells
A) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods.
B) provide abundant exchange surface.
C) have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm.
D) offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness.
E) have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells.

Answer 3

B) Provide abundant exchange surface.

Question 4

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up
A) organs.
B) membranes.
C) organ systems.
D) organelles.
E) organisms.

Answer 4

A) Organs

Question 5

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the
A) lungs.
B) skeletal muscles.
C) liver.
D) heart.
E) brain.

Answer 5

A) Lungs

Question 6

Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is
A) simple squamous epithelium.
B) simple cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple columnar epithelium.
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
E) stratified squamous epithelium.

Answer 6

A) Simple squamous epithelium.

Question 7

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with
A) connective tissue.
B) smooth muscle cells.
C) neural tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) adipose tissue.

Answer 7

D)Epithelial Tissue

Question 8

An example of a connective tissue is the
A) skin.
B) nerves.
C) blood.
D) cuboidal epithelium.
E) smooth muscles.

Answer 8

C) Blood

Question 9

Connective tissues typically have
A) many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells.
B) a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate.
C) the ability to shorten upon stimulation.
D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix.
E) the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Answer 9

D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

Question 10

The fibers responsible for the elastic resistance properties of tendons are
A) elastin fibers.
B) fibrin fibers.
C) collagenous fibers.
D) reticular fibers.
E) spindle fibers.

Answer 10

C) Collagenous fibers

Question 11

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains
A) collagenous fibers.
B) elastin fibers.
C) reticular fibers.
D) adipose tissue.
E) loose connective tissue.

Answer 11

B) Elastin fibers

Question 12

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the
A) smooth muscles.
B) adipose tissue.
C) endocrine system.
D) intercalated disks.
E) glial cells.

Answer 12

E)Glial Cells.

Question 13

Fibroblasts secrete
A) fats.
B) chondroitin sulfate.
C) interstitial fluids.
D) calcium phosphate for bone.
E) proteins for connective fibers.

Answer 13

E) Proteins for connective fibers.

Question 14

Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of
A) smooth muscle.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
E) smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.

Answer 14

B) Skeletal muscle

Question 15

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because
A) its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix.
B) it contains more than one type of cell.
C) it is contained in vessels that “connect” different parts of an organism’s body.
D) its cells can move from place to place.
E) it is found within all the organs of the body

Answer 15

A) Its cells are seperated from each other by an extracellular matrix

Question 16

Muscles are joined to bones by
A) ligaments.
B) tendons.
C) loose connective tissue.
D) Haversian systems.
E) spindle fibers.

Answer 16

B) Tendons

Question 17

With its abundance of collagenous fibers, cartilage is an example of
A) connective tissue.
B) reproductive tissue.
C) nervous tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) adipose tissue.

Answer 17

A) Connective tissue.

Question 18

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the
A) cell body.
B) synaptic terminals.
C) axonal region.
D) dendritic region.
E) synapse.

Answer 18

A) Cell body

Question 19

All skeletal muscle fibers are both
A) smooth and under involuntary control.
B) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers.
C) striated and under voluntary control.
D) smooth and under voluntary control.
E) striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers.

Answer 19

C) Striated and under voluntary control

Question 20

Cardiac muscle cells are both
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A) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks.
B) striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells.
C) smooth and under voluntary control.
D) striated and under voluntary control.
E) smooth and under involuntary control.

Answer 20

A) Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks.

Question 21

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is
A) skeletal muscle.
B) cardiac muscle.
C) striated muscle.
D) intercalated cells.
E) smooth muscle.

Answer 21

E) Smooth muscle

Question 22

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by
A) cardiac muscle.
B) smooth muscle.
C) voluntary muscle.
D) striated muscle.
E) skeletal muscle.

Answer 22

B) Smooth muscle

Question 23

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a
A) cuboidal epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
E) simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 23

B) Simple squamous epithelium

Question 24

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed
A) balanced equilibrium.
B) physiological chance.
C) homeostasis.
D) static equilibrium.
E) estivation

Answer 24

C) Homeostasis

Question 25

An example of effectors’ roles in homeostatic responses is observable when
A) an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering.
B) an increase in body temperature results from exercise.
C) the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal.
D) an increase in body temperature results from fever.
E) a decrease in body temperature results from shock.

Answer 25

A) an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering

Question 26

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that
A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental.
B) the positive feedback’s effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than
opposite to it.
C) the effector’s response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback
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it can only decrease the parameter.
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors.
E) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

Answer 26

B) the positive feedback’s effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than
opposite to it.

Question 27

“Winter acclimatization” in cold-zone mammals can include
A) the production of antifreeze compounds within cells.
B) the production of enzymes that have lower temperature optima.
C) hibernation for several weeks.
D) changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in cell membranes.
E) the denaturation of proteins that cannot withstand extreme temperature.

Answer 27

C) hibernation for several weeks.

Question 28

The flat shaped cells found in the epidermis of the skin are :
A) cuboidal
B)spherical
C) squamous
D) columnar

Answer 28

C) Squamous

Question 29

Which type of tissue lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?
A )muscle tissue
B )nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) connective tissue
E) both A and D

Answer 29

C) epithelial tissue

Question 30

Which type of tissue lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?
A )muscle tissue
B )nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) connective tissue
E) both A and D

Answer 30

C) Epithelial tissue