Animal Nutrition & The Digestive System Vocabulary

Question 1

Alimentary Canal

Answer 1

a tubular digestive system with a mouth and anus

Question 2

Aminopeptidase

Answer 2

Protease that breaks down peptides into single amino acids; secreted by the brush border of the small intestine.

Question 3

Anus

Answer 3

Exit point for waste material

Question 4

Bile

Answer 4

Digestive juice secreted by the liver: important for the digestion of lipids

Question 5

Bolus

Answer 5

Mass of food resulting from chewing action and wetting by saliva

Question 6

Carboxypeptidase

Answer 6

Protease that breaks down peptides to single amino acids; secreted by the brush border of the small intestine

Question 7

Carnivore

Answer 7

Animal that consumes flesh

Question 8

Cephalic phase

Answer 8

First phase of digestion, controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food.

Question 9

cholecystokinin

Answer 9

hormone that stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile

Question 10

Chylomicron

Answer 10

small lipid globule

Question 11

Chyme

Answer 11

Mixture of partially digested food and stomach juices

Question 12

Chymotrypsin

Answer 12

pancreatic protease

Question 13

Digestion

Answer 13

Mechanical and Chemical break down of food into small organic fragments.

Question 14

Dipeptidase

Answer 14

Protease the breaks down peptides to single amino acids secreted by the brush border of the small intestine.

Question 15

duodenum

Answer 15

The first part of the small intestine where a large part of digestion and carbohydrates occur

Question 16

Elastase

Answer 16

Pancreatic protease

Question 17

Endocrine System

Answer 17

System that controls the response of the various glands in the body and the release of hormones at the appropriate time.

Question 18

Esophagus

Answer 18

tubular organ that connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 19

Essential Nutrient

Answer 19

Nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body. It MUSt be obtained from food.

Question 20

gallbladder

Answer 20

organ stores and concentrate bile

Question 21

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Answer 21

hormone secreted by the small intestine the presence of the fatty acids and sugars; it also inhibits acid production and peristalsis in order to slow down the rate at which food enters the small intestine

Question 22

Gastric phase

Answer 22

digestive phase beginning once food enters the stomach; gastric acids and enzymes process the ingested
materials

Question 23

Gastrin

Answer 23

hormone which stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach

Question 24

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 24

digestive system consisting of a single opening

Question 25

Gizzard

Answer 25

muscular organ that grinds food

Question 26

Herbivore

Answer 26

animal that consumes strictly plant diet

Question 27

illeum

Answer 27

last part of the small intestine; connects the small intestine to the large intestine; important for absorption of B-12

Question 28

ingestion

Answer 28

act of taking in food

Question 29

intestinal phase

Answer 29

third digestive phase; begins when chyme enters the small intestine triggering digestive secretions and controlling the rate of gastric emptying

Question 30

jejunum

Answer 30

second part of the small intestine

Question 31

lactase

Answer 31

enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 32

Large intestine

Answer 32

digestive system organ that reabsorbs water from undigested material and processes waste matter

Question 33

Lipase

Answer 33

enzyme that chemically breaks down lipids

Question 34

Liver

Answer 34

organ that produces bile for digestion and processes vitamins and lipids

Question 35

Maltase

Answer 35

enzyme that breaks down maltose into glucose

Question 36

Mineral

Answer 36

inorganic, elemental molecule that carries out important roles in the body

Question 37

Monogastric

Answer 37

digestive system that consists of a single-chambered stomach

Question 38

Omnivore

Answer 38

animal that consumes both plants and animals

Question 39

Pancreas

Answer 39

gland that secretes digestive juices

Question 40

Pepsin

Answer 40

enzyme found in the stomach whose main role is protein digestion

Question 41

pepsinogen

Answer 41

inactive form of pepsin

Question 42

peristalsis

Answer 42

wave-like movements of muscle tissue

Question 43

proventriculus

Answer 43

glandular part of a bird’s stomach

Question 44

Rectum

Answer 44

area of the body where feces is stored until elimination

Question 45

Roughage

Answer 45

component of food that is low in energy and high in fiber

Question 46

Ruminant

Answer 46

animal with a stomach divided into four compartments

Question 47

Salivary amylase

Answer 47

enzyme found in saliva, which converts carbohydrates to maltose

Question 48

Secretin

Answer 48

hormone which stimulates sodium bicarbonate secretion in the small intestine

Question 49

small intestine

Answer 49

organ where digestion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates is completed

Question 50

somatostatin

Answer 50

hormone released to stop acid secretion when the stomach is empty

Question 51

Scphinter

Answer 51

band of muscle that controls movement of materials throughout the digestive tract

Question 52

Stomach

Answer 52

saclike organ containing acidic digestive juices

Question 53

Sucrase

Answer 53

Enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 54

Trypsin

Answer 54

pancreatic protease that breaks down protein

Question 55

Villi

Answer 55

folds on the inner surface of the small intestine whose role is to increase absorption area

Question 56

Vitamin

Answer 56

organic substance necessary in small amounts to sustain life