Animal Nutrition and The Digestive System

Question 1

What are the biological molecules necessary for animal function?

Answer 1

amino acids, lipid molecules, nucleotides, and simple

sugars.

Question 2

How do animals obtain their nutrition?

Answer 2

From consumption of other organisms.

Question 3

What is a herbivore?

Answer 3

Plant-Eaters. Herbivores can be further classified into frugivores (fruit-eaters), granivores (seed eaters), nectivores (nectar feeders), and folivores (leaf eaters).

Question 4

What is a carnivore?

Answer 4

Meat-Eaters.

Question 5

What is an omnivore?

Answer 5

Plant & Meat Eaters.

Question 6

What are the two types of invertebrae digestive systems?

Answer 6

Gastrovascular Cavity

Alimentary Canal

Question 7

Describe the Gastrovascular Cavity

Answer 7

Gastrovascular Cavity is found in organisms that only have one opening for digestion. Ingested material enters the mouth and passes through a hollow, tubular cavity.
Cells within the cavity secrete digestive enzymes that break down the food. The food particles are engulfed by the cells lining the gastrovascular cavity

Question 8

Describe the Alimentary Canal

Answer 8

The food is ingested through the mouth, passes through the esophagus and is stored in a organ called the crop. Then it passes through the gizzard where it is churned and digested. From the gizzard, the food passes through the intestine, the nutrients are absorbed and the waste is elimanted as feces, called castings, through the Anus.

Question 9

Describe a monogastric system

Answer 9

This type of digestive system consists of one stomach chamber.
Process of digestion begins with the mouth and intake of food. Teeth play an important role in masticating (chewing) into small particles, while salvia begins to chemically break down food. 
Using peristalisis (Wave like smooth muscle contractions) the esophagus pushes food down to the stomach. 
Further breakdown of food takes place in the small intestines where enzymes produced by the liver/pancreas continue the process of ingestion.
THE NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED INTO THE BLOOD STREAM BY THE EPITHELIAL CELLS LINING THE WALLS OF THE SMALL INTESTINES 
Finally, the waste product moves on to the large intestine where water is absorbed and the drier waste material is compacted into feces.

Question 10

What are the three major salivary glands?

Answer 10

The Paratoid, The Submandibular and The Sublingual

Question 11

What does saliva contain?

Answer 11

immunoglobulins and lysosomes which have antibacterial action to reduce tooth decay by inhibiting growth of some bacteria.
Several Enzymes.

Question 12

What is optimal pH for the stomach?

Answer 12

1.5 - 2.5

Question 13

How does a stomach ulcer form?

Answer 13

The stomach lining has a thick mucus lining that protects the underlying tissue from the action of digestive juices, When this mucus lining is ruptured ulcers can form in the stomach.