Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells? A) Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts B) stroma of chloroplasts C) Outer membrane of mitochondria D) matrix of mitochondria E) Cytoplasm
A) Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
Reduction of NAD+ occurs during: A) Photo synthesis B) Respiration C) both photosynthesis and respiration D)neither photosynthesis nor respiration E) photorespiration
A) Photosynthesis
Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
A) If the entropy of a system increases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe.
B) If there is an increase in the energy of a system, there must be a corresponding decrease in the energy of the rest of the universe.
C) Every energy transfer requires activation energy from the environment
D)Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe
E) Energy can be transferred or transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed.
D) Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe.
Which of the following reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell? A) Anabolic B) hydrolysis C) Respiration D) Digestion E) catabolic reactions
A) Anabolic reactions
The active site of an enzyme is the region that
A) binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme
B) Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
C) Binds noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme
D) Is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or cofactor
B) Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
A) glycolysis
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
C) the citric acid cycle
D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
E) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
A) two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced.
B) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.
C) four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced.
D) two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.
E) six molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.
B) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.
During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? A) cytosol B) mitochondrial outer membrane C) mitochondrial inner membrane D) mitochondrial intermembrane space E) mitochondrial matrix
E) mitochondrial matrix
) Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
A) glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen
B) citric acid cycle → FADH2 → electron transport chain → ATP
C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen
D) pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
)In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + i to ATP?
A) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system
B) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation
C) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, against the electrochemical gradient
D) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down the electrochemical gradient
E) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.
D) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down the electrochemical gradient
Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion? A) cytosol B) electron transport chain C) outer membrane D) inner membrane E) mitochondrial matrix
D) inner membrane
One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to A) reduce NAD+ to NADH. B) reduce FAD+ to FADH2. C) oxidize NADH to NAD+. D) reduce FADH2 to FAD+. E) do none of the above.
C) oxidize NADH to NAD+
The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because
A) the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found.
B) the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal’s ability to learn.
C) the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota.
D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.
E) the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin.
D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.
Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to 2 A) energized cross-bridges. B) myosin. C) actin. D) tropomyosin. E) troponin.
E) troponin.
The structure pictured in the figure is found in
A) skeletal muscles and smooth muscles.
B) cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles.
C) smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.
D) smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles.
E) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles.
