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Cardiovascular system SA > The anatomy of the cardiovascular system 2 > Flashcards

The anatomy of the cardiovascular system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the three layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica initma
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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2
Q

What is the structure of the tunica initma

A

Inner most layer
Simple squamous epithelium
lying on connective tissue and basement membrane

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3
Q

What is structure of the tunic media

A

Middle layer
Smooth muscle tissue
Elastic tissue

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4
Q

What is the structure of the tunica adventitia

A

Outer most layer
Fibrous connective tissue - collagen
elastic fibres present

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5
Q

What is the differences between veins and arteries

A

Arteries smaller diameter than accompanying vein
Arteries thicker wall than accompanying vein

Arteries thick media thin adventitia
Veins thin media thick adventitia

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6
Q

What is the difference between arteries and arterioles

A

arteries have greater diameter but smaller total cross section area compared to arterioles

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7
Q

What is the different types of arteries

A

elastic
Muscular
arterioles

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8
Q

What is the function of the elastic arteries and an example of one

A

large conducting

– eg: aorta, common carotid, pulmonary

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9
Q

What is present in the structure of elastic arteries, and what property does this allow

A

Layers of elastic fibres allows it to be stretched under pressure - and maintain pressure

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10
Q

Where is the elastic fibres present in the elastic arteries and what si the name of the arrangement

A

elastic fibres in T. Media in the form of layers = laminae

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11
Q

Where are the fibres in elastic arteries secreted from

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

What is the function of the muscular arteries

A

Controls distribution of blood to regions

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13
Q

What is present in the structure of the muscular arteries which allows it to fulfil its functions

A

Thick T media has smooth muscle cells

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14
Q

Where can the elastic fibres be found in muscular arteires

A

No elastic lamina between muscle cells in T. media
Elastic fibres are found under epithelium (internal elastic laminae) and between T.media and T. adventitia (external elastic laminae)

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15
Q

What is the structure of the arterioles

A

T. Intima - endothelium + BM
T. media - 1- 2 layers of smooth muscle
T. adventia - not present

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16
Q

What kind of nerve intervention supplies the arterioles

A

Rich sympathetic nerve innervation

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17
Q

What is the systolic and local function of the arterioles

A

Control blood flow to capillary beds (local)

Control blood pressure (systemic)

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18
Q

What is the function of the capillaries

A

main exchange for nutrients and gasses

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19
Q

What is the structure of the capillaries to suit its function

A

Therefore very thin walled
T. intima only – endothelium on BM
No T. media
No T. adventitia

20
Q

What is present in capillaries which helps control blood flow and what is this

A

Pericytes - contractile cells

incomplete layer of cells surrounding basement membrane

21
Q

If the Sum of diameters of all capillaries in body > diameter of aorta what does this mean about the blood pressure

A

blood pressure is low

22
Q

what is the average diameter of the capillaries

A

4-15µ

23
Q

What is the three types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

24
Q

What is the structure of the continue capillaries and its function and where would you find them

A

continuous epithelium linning
controls what is exchanged through selective transport

muscle

25
Q

What is the structure of fenestrated capillaries and where would you find them

A

Gaps/pores present of open protein membrane

endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle

26
Q

What is the structure of discontinuous capillaries and what function does this allow

A

Gaps between endothelial cells (and basement membrane)

Allow free passage of fluid and cells

27
Q

Where is discontinuous capillaries found

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

28
Q

what is a Sinusoids

A

Large diameter discontinuous capillaries

29
Q

Where would sinusoids be typically found and examples

A

Places where a large amount of exchange take place
Liver
endocrine glands

30
Q

What does the t. intimate contain is sinusoids

A

Phagocytes

31
Q

what is precapillary sphincter

A

band of smooth muscle that adjusts blood flow into capillaries

32
Q

What does function of the AV shunts by the precapillary spinchter allow

A

Bypass the capillaries to allow thermo regulation

33
Q

What is the structure of viens

A

T.intima is thin
thin or absent laminae- not alot of elastic fibres
T.media v thin or absent
T adventitia - collagenous tissue

34
Q

What are the valves structure in the viens

A

endothelial projection into lumen

35
Q

What is the differences with superficial vs deep veins

A 
Superficial
- Thick walled
- No surrounding support
Deep
- Thin walled 
- Surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles
36
Q

What does the superficial ultimately drain into

A

deep veins

37
Q

What is function of the lymphatic system

A

Drains tissue fluid lost from blood capillaries

38
Q

where does the lymphatic system drain into

A

systemic venous system

39
Q

Where is nodes most commonly found

A

alongside major veins and origins of major arteries

40
Q

What directs the flow in Lymphatic system

A

Valves

41
Q

What is the structure of lymph capillaries

A

Blind ended capillaries
Lined by very thin endothelium - simple squamous
No fenestrations
Absent / rudimentary basal lamina

42
Q

What is the lumen maintained at in lymph capillaries

A

-ve Hydrostatic pressure

43
Q

what keeps the lumen open

A

Anchoring filaments – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open

44
Q

what isn’t present in the lumen

A

RBC

45
Q

What is the nerve supply to BV as organs

A

Sympathetic eg. skin

Sympathetic + parasympathetic eg. heart

46
Q

when blood vessels are so big they need their own nutrients what are the vessels suppling it called

A

Vasa vasorum

47
Q

Where does the lymphatic lie in blood vessel organs

A

T. adventitia

Cardiovascular system SA (43 decks)

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