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Cardiovascular system SA > The anatomy of the cardiovascular system 1 > Flashcards

The anatomy of the cardiovascular system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located

A

The middle mediastinum

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2
Q

where would you not find BV and Lymphatics

A

BV - cartilage

Lymphatics - brain, eye

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3
Q

What is the two main circulations of the CVS

A

Pulmonary - Heart-lungs-heart

Systemic - Heart-body-heart

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4
Q

What is the Lymphatic system ciculation

A

Hepatic portal circulation

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located

A

5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

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6
Q

What chamber lies at the base of the heart

A

Left atrium

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7
Q

What blood vessels can be seen from the anterior view of the heart L>R

A

superior vena cava - aortic arch - pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

What is embedded in the fat of the heart

A

Coronary arteries (forms a crown)

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9
Q

What blood vessels can be seen from the posteriori view of the heart

A

the superior and inferior pulmonary arteries
superiors and inferior pulmonary viens
Inferior vena cava

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10
Q

What happens to the position of the heart if you stand up, why is this?

A

Moves more anterior and inferior,

gravity

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11
Q

What lies anterior to the heart

A

sternum
costal cartilages 4-7
thymus remnants

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12
Q

Define situs inversus

A

an uncommon condition in which the heart and other organs of the body are transposed through the sagittal plane to lie on the opposite (left or right) side from the usual

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13
Q

What lies inferior to the heart

A

central tendon of the diaphragm

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14
Q

What lies lateral to the heart

A

Lungs

Phrenic nerve

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15
Q

What lies Posterior to the heart

A

oesophagus
descending aorta
thoracic vertebra 5-8

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16
Q

In the anterior view of the heart what chambers lie in the left, right and sternum border

A

Left - Left atrium
Right - right atrium
Sternum - right ventricle

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17
Q

what is the 3 layers of the heart

A

endocardium (innermost)
myocardium (middle)
epicardium (outermost)

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18
Q

What is the endocardium

A

The inner most layer

simple squamous epithelium that sits on the basement membrane + connective tissue lining the heart chamber

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19
Q

Where does cups (valves) derive from

A

endocardium

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20
Q

What is the myocardium

A

Thick middle layer of Cardiac muscle (Myocytes)

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21
Q

What is some of the characteristic of the myocardium

A

Striated

Lots of mitochondria

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22
Q

How are the myocytes connected

A

Intercalated discs

23
Q

What is the interlaced discs compose of and what is there functions

A

desmosomes - bind myocytes together

gap junctions - allow electrical communication

24
Q

What is the epicardial

A

outer most layer of simple squamous epithelium sitting on connective tissue and basement membrane

25
Q

What BV does the epicardial contain

A

main branches of coronary arteries

26
Q

What is a possible feature of the the epicardial

A

May be fatty

27
Q

What is the same layer of the epithelium of the epicardial

A

visceral pericardium

28
Q

What lies between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium

A

pericardial cavity

29
Q

What is the layering of the heart in oder outside to inside

A 
Fibrous layer 
parterial pericardium
(pericardial cavity) 
Visceral pericardium/ epicardial 
myocardium 
endocardium
30
Q

What is the direction of blood flow through the blood vessels and chambers of the heart

A 
Superior/inferior vena cava
Right atrium 
(mitral valve)
Left ventricle 
(semilunar valve) 
Pulmonary artery 
THE LUNGS 
Pulmonary vien 
Left atrium 
(tricuspid valve) 
Left ventricle 
(semilunar valve) 
Aorta
31
Q

What controls blood flow

A

Valves

32
Q

What lies on the right border on the heart

A

the right atrium

33
Q

What lies on the left border on the heart

A

left ventricle and left atrium

34
Q

What lies on the inferior border of the heart

A

The right ventricle (little bit of left ventricle)

35
Q

What lies on the superiors border of the heart

A

The left atrium and right atrium

36
Q

How do valves work

A

passively

37
Q

What prevents valve failure

A

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

38
Q

What is the type of abnormalities that can happen to heart valves

A 
incompetence = widening;
stenosis = narrowing
39
Q

What else can cause failure of valves

A

infection eg bacterial endocarditis

40
Q

What is another name for the pulmonary and aortic valve

A

semi lunar valve

41
Q

What is the names of the two trio-ventricular valves

A

Mitral/bicuspid

Tricuspid

42
Q

what is the problems of aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing means valve doesn’t properly open or close

43
Q

What is the problem with aortic incompetence

A

Failure of aortic valve to close tightly causing back flow of the blood into the ventricle

44
Q

What gives structural support to the cardiac skeleton

A

Atrioventricular septum
Roots of great vessels
Anchorage for valves
Myocytes/capillary network

45
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton of the heart

A

single structure of connective tissue (collagen)

46
Q

where does the coronary artery originate from

A

cusp of the aortic valve - epicardium

47
Q

At diastole where does the blood enter in the aortic arch

A

myocardium relaxes and elastic recoil of aorta closes aortic valve therefore blood enters aortic sinuses which lead on to coronary artery

48
Q

What holds the heart in its place

A

“Hangs” by great vessels within fibrous pericardium
Dense connective tissue bag
its Attachments
Over all - Heart free to move

49
Q

what is the attachments of the heart

A

Central tendon of diaphragm
Sternum
Roots of great vessels

50
Q

What is the heart lined by

A

serous pericardium

51
Q

What does the serous pericardium secrete

A

pericardial fluid – lubricant

52
Q

What is the visceral and parietal layer of the heart bound to

A

Visceral layer- Bound to heart (=epicardium)

Parietal layer - Bound to fibrous pericardium

53
Q

What allows the free movement of the heart in the cardiac cycle

A

Visceral and parietal layers continuous giving a closed bag effect

Cardiovascular system SA (43 decks)

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