Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular system SA > Embryology 2 > Flashcards

Embryology 2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the two ways blood vessels develop

A

Vasculogenesis

Angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of Vasculogenesis

A

defined as the new formation of a primitive vascular network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of angiogenesis

A

defined as the growth of new vessels from pre-existing blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the three main circulations

A

The cardinal
The vitelline
The umbilical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the aortic sac an extension of

A

the truncus arteriosus of primordial heart tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the first arteries appear in the embryo

A

right and left primitive aortae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does each primitive aorta have

A

a ventral part (ventral aorta) and a dorsal part (dorsal aorta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the aortic branches arise from and what is this formed from

A

the aortic sac formed from the two ventral aorta partially fusing together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the two fates of these aortic branches

A

They either persist or degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is happening the same time at the aortic branches formation

A

Development of Pharyngeal arch arteries - future neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when does the pharyngeal arches develop

A

4-5th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does each arch receive

A

Each arch receives its own nerve and artery = pharyngeal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the pharyngeal arteries allow

A

communication with aortic branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The joining of the pharyngeal arteries and the aortic branches from what

A

6 pairs of aortic arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the aortic arches all communicate and terminate

A

the dorsal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fate of arches 1 and 2

A

The1stand2nd archesdisappear early,

remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery (branch of external carotid a.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the fate of arch 3

A

Start of the internal carotid artery

= carotid arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the 4th right arch form

A

the right subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the 4th left arch form

A

constitutes the distal part of the aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the fate of the 5th arch

A

Never forms or forms incompletely then regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the fate of the 6th right arch

A

The proximal part of the6th right archpersists as the proximal part of the rightpulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the fate of the 6th left arch

A

The6th left archgives off the leftpulmonary a.and forms the ductus arteriosus;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the fate of the ductus arteriosus within 1-3 months

Study These Flashcards
A

the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

24
Q

What is the two causes of great arteries anomalies

Study These Flashcards
A
  • either due to persistence of aortic arches that normally should regress
  • regression of arches that normally shouldn’t
25
What causes an abnormal subclavian artery
with regression of the right aortic arch 4 and the right dorsal aorta, the right subclavian artery has an abnormal origin on the left side
26
What is the outcome of an aberrant subclavian artery
forces the right subclavian artery to cross the midline behind the trachea and oesophagus, which may constrict these organs
27
What is the cause of a double aortic arch
occurs with the development of an abnormal right aortic arch in addition to the left aortic arch,
28
What does the double aortic arch encircle and what does the result in
forms a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus, making it difficult to swallow or breathe
29
What is patent ductus afteriosus
a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth
30
What is patent ductus afteriosus commonly associated with
Maternal rubella infection
31
What can patent ductus afteriosus result in
Poor weight gain | Difficulty in breathing
32
What can an uncorrected PDA lead to with age
congestive heart failure
33
What is coarctation of the aorta
a congenital condition wherein the aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum after regression) inserts
34
What are the two forms of coarctation of the aorta
Pre-ductal coarctation | post-ductal coarctation
35
What is the possible causes of the aorta constrict after birth
The ductus arteriosus has muscle tissue incorporated into the arch of the aorta, so when it DA contract after birth it constricts aorta Genetic or environmental factors
36
What do the vitelline arteries supply in the embryo and the adult
Embryo - The yolk sac | Adult - The gut
37
What is the function of the viteline veins
drain blood from the yolk sac to the sinus venosus
38
What do the vitelline veins develop into
Portal vein Hepatocardiac (liver to heart) part of inferior vena cava Liver sinusoids Superior mesenteric vein
39
What is the umbilical arteries before birth
Paired branches of the dorsal aorta to placenta
40
What is the fates of the proximal portion of the umbilical arteries after birth
Proximal portion persists as internal iliac and superior vesical branches (to urinary bladder)
41
What is the fate of the distal portion of the umbilical arteries after birth
degenerates to form obliterated umbilical arteries and forms medial umbilical ligaments
42
Where does the umbilical veins originate from
chorionic villi of placenta carrying oxygenated blood to the embryo
43
What is the function of the umbilical veins
carrying oxygenated blood to the embryo
44
What is the fate of the right umbilical vein
degenerates completely
45
What is the fate of the left umbilical vein
regresses and forms ligamentum teres (=round ligament) of adult liver
46
What is the fate of the ductus venosus
obliterates and forms ligamentum venosum
47
What allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver in the foetus
the ductus venosus  shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava
48
What is the function of the cardinal veins
Carry the blood from the head and the lower body of the heart - drainage system of the embryo
49
What is the fate of the cardinal veins
Form vena caval (SVC and IVC) system by fusing among the veins
50
What is the ductus arteriosus function
A blood shunt passing the blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta to bypass the lungs
51
Name four venous system abnormalities
Double IVC Double SVC Absence of IVC Left SVC (normally connects to right atrium)
52
Where and when does the lymphatic system develop in the foetus
Develops at the end of sixth week around main veins
53
What is developed at the end of the embryonic period
6 primary lymph sacs (the lymph vessels join the lymph sac later)
54
What is three important structures in prenatal circulation
Ductus venosus (shunts left umbilical vein blood flow directly to IVC: allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver). Oval foramen (allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium: allows blood to bypass the lungs). Ductus arteriosus (allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the lungs).
55
What is the 3 changes to circulation postnatal
Ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum of the liver Oval foramen closes after birth by tissue proliferation and adhesion of septal structures Ductus arteriosus obliterates to form ligamentum arteriosum
56
What causes patent ductus arteriosus
Failure of muscular wall to contract, respiratory distress syndrome (Low O2) and lack of surfactant in the lungs
57
Where does 90% of coarctation occur
opposite the Ductus Arteriosus (DA).

Cardiovascular system SA (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions