The Abdomen

Question 1

What is a quadrant?

Answer 1

Abdominal regions that contain specific organs, so one will know where to auscultation, percuss, and palpate (and to record findings during a physical exam)

Question 2

Abdominal quadrants:

Answer 2

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

Question 3

What separates the left and right quadrants?

Answer 3

The median plane

Question 4

What separates the upper and lower quadrants?

Answer 4

The transumbilical plane

Question 5

Epigastric area

Answer 5

Upper central region of the abdomen

Located between the costal margins and subcostal plane

Question 6

Hypo gastric region

Answer 6

Located below the umbilical region

Pubis bone constitutes the lower limit

Question 7

Umbilical region

Answer 7

Centralized on the umbilicus

Question 8

Right and left iliac regions

Answer 8

On either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions

Question 9

Skin is loosely attached in the abdomen region except at the

Answer 9

Umbilicus, due to the scar tissue

Question 10

Skin collagen runs in ______________ that mimic dermatome patterns

Answer 10

Natural lines of cleavage

Question 11

Abdomens cutaneous nerve supply:

Answer 11

Lower 6 thoracic vertebrae and 1st lumbar vertebrae.

Lowest 5 thoracic nerves and the subcostal nerve.

1st lumbar is the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 12

What is the fatty layer of the abdominal region?

Answer 12

Campers fascia

Question 13

What is the membranous layer of the abdominal region?

Answer 13

Scarpa’s fascia

Question 14

Skin blood supply (abdominal)

Answer 14

Midline:
Superior epigastric artery

Inferior epigastric artery

Inguinal Region:
Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac,
Superficial external peduncle arteries

Question 15

Venous drainage of abdomen

Answer 15

Superiorly:
Later thoracic vein to axillary vein

Inferiorly:
Superficial epigastric and great saphenous veins into femoral vein

Question 16

Lymph drainage of the abdomen

Answer 16

Above umbilicus, Anterior Axillary group of nodes

below umbilicus, Superficial Inguinal node

Question 17

Define fascia:

Answer 17

Thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ

Question 18

Deep fascia

Answer 18

Thin layer of fascia that envelopes the muscles of the abdomen wall

Question 19

Order of fascias/muscles

Answer 19

Skin
Camper fascia
Scarpa fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Transversalis fascia 
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

Question 20

Muscles of the abdomen

Answer 20

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus
Rectus abdominus

Question 21

The _____________ is a long fibrous sheath that encloses the rectus abdominus muscle and contains the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic nerves.

Answer 21

Rectus sheath

Question 22

What is aponeurosis?

Answer 22

A sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in sheet-like muscles having a wide area of attachment

Question 23

Where does the fascia transversalis lie?

Answer 23

Behind the abdominal muscles

Lines the TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS

Is continuous with a similar layer lining the diaphragm and the iliacus muscle.

Femoral sheath for femoral vessels is from formed this (and fascia iliaca that covers the iliacus muscle)

Question 24

What is the Inguinal canal?

Answer 24

An oblique passage through the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

In males: testis to abdomen, via spermatic cord
In the inferior, less important beings: round ligament of uterus to the labium manus

Question 25

Inguinal Canal Composition

Answer 25

Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis Posterior wall: conjoint tendon medically, fascia transversalis laterally Roof or superior wall: arching lowest fibers of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles Floor of inferior wall: upturned lower edge of the Inguinal ligament and the lacunar ligament

Question 26

Spermatic cord

Answer 26

Collection of structures that pass through the Inguinal canal to and from testis Begins at: Deep Inguinal ring lateral tot he inferior epigastric artery Ends at: Testis.

Question 27

Contents of spermatic cord:

Answer 27

``` Vas deferens, testicular artery, testicular veins, testicular lymph vessels, Autonomic nerves, Remains of the processes vaginalis, Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve ```

Question 28

Gemitofemoral nerve supplies the:

Answer 28

Cremaster muscle of the scrotum (and the genital branch in the spermatic cord)