Small & Large Intestine, Pancreas, And Mesenteric Arteries

Question 1

Internal appearance of the Duodenum, 1st part

Answer 1

Mucosa layer is smooth

Question 2

Internal appearance of the duodenum, 2nd 3rd 4th part

Answer 2

Mucosa and submucosa form numerous folds called circular folds

More rigid

Question 3

What is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 3

Contains opening of hepatopancreatic ampulla

Lies above the longitudinal fold of the duodenum

Question 4

What is the minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 4

Contains the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct

About halfway down the descending duodenum

Question 5

How do the jejunum and ileum attach to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 5

Via the mesentary

Question 6

Circular folds of the jejunum and ileum

Answer 6

Jejunum has large and many

Ileum has few and small

Question 7

What are the arcades and vasa recta of the mesentary/small intestine?

Answer 7

Arcades are loops of arteries around the jejunum and ileum.

• Jejunum has 1-2
• Ileum has 3+

Vasa recta are straight arteries coming off from arcades in the mesentary of the jejunum and ileum.

• Jejunum has long vasa recta
• Ileum has short vasa recta

Question 8

What do brunners’ glands do and where are they found?

Answer 8

They secrete mucus.

They’re found in the submucosa layer of the Duodenum

Question 9

What are peyer’s patches and where are they found?

Answer 9

These “patches” are lymphatic nodules.

They’re found in the mucosa layer (more specifically in the lamina propria) and submucosa layer of the Ileum

Question 10

What glands/nodules are in the jejunum?

Answer 10

None

Question 11

What makes up 99% of the pancreatic cells?

Answer 11

Exocrine portion

Question 12

Clusters of exocrine cells that produce digestive enzymes

Answer 12

Acini

Question 13

Where are Acini located?

Answer 13

In the pancreas

Question 14

Cells associated with the acinar cells produce _______ ___________ which makes the fluid _____

Answer 14

Sodium bicarbonate, alkaline

Question 15

What is the collective secretions of exocrine cells in the pancreas called? What does it do?

Answer 15

Pancreatic juice, digest carbs proteins and fats.

Question 16

The main pancreatic duct exits the pancreas and merges with the:

Answer 16

Common bile duct

Question 17

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is a combined duct between what 2 ducts

Answer 17

Main pancreatic duct and common bile duct

Question 18

The hepatopancreatic ampulla enters the:

Answer 18

Duodenum

Question 19

In the duodenum, the hepatopancreatic ampulla is visible as the:

Answer 19

Major duodenal papilla

Question 20

If there is muscle around an ampulla, it becomes a:

Answer 20

Sphincter

Question 21

Smooth muscle around the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 21

Hepatopancreatic ampulla sphincter

Question 22

What is the minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 22

Where the accessory pancreatic duct exits the pancreas to empty into the duodenum

Question 23

Path of bile flow from liver to the duodenum

Answer 23

Rt and Lt hepatic ducts ->

Common hepatic duct ->

Common bile duct->

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 24

Gem-like dangles on the large intestine

Answer 24

Omental appendices

Question 25

Sac-like folds of the Large Intestine

Answer 25

Haustra

Question 26

Middle lining where the Haustra meet on the Large Intestine

Answer 26

Teniae Coli

Question 27

External features of the Large Intestine

Answer 27

Haustra Teniae coli Omental appendices

Question 28

Internal features of the Large intestine

Answer 28

Ideal orifice Orifice of the appendix

Question 29

Where the ileum meets the large intestine

Answer 29

Ideal orifice

Question 30

Where the appendix meets the large intestine

Answer 30

Orifice of the appendix

Question 31

Postmortem vs in vivo, Ileal orifice

Answer 31

Postmortem- superior and inferior lips form ileoceal valve In vivo- Ileal papilla

Question 32

What type of cells are abundant in the large intestine?

Answer 32

Goblet cells

Question 33

Large groupings of lymphatic nodules are found where?

Answer 33

Lamina propria and mucosa of Appendix

Question 34

Appendicitis occurs as mild pain near:

Answer 34

Umbilicus

Question 35

McBurney's Point

Answer 35

Located in right lower quadrant, specific to appendicitis, couple hours after onset

Question 36

Side effects of appendicitis

Answer 36

Nausea and vomitting

Question 37

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 37

Unpaired branch of abdominal aorta Supplies: head of pancreas, distal part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 38

5 branches of super Mesenteric artery

Answer 38

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, middle colic artery, right colic artery, ileocolic artery, and intestinal arteries

Question 39

Supplies lower part of pancreas and distal half of duodenum

Answer 39

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 40

Supplies proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Answer 40

Middle colic artery

Question 41

Supplies ascending colon and beginning of transverse colon

Answer 41

Right colic artery

Question 42

Supplies terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, and beginning of ascending colon

Answer 42

Ileocolic artery

Question 43

From arterial arcades which give rise to straight arteries that supply intestinal wall

Answer 43

Intestinal/jejunal and Ileal arteries

Question 44

Inferior Mesenteric artery

Answer 44

Unpaired branch of abdominal aorta Supplies: distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper half of anal canal

Question 45

Supplies distal 1/3 of transverse colon and descending colon

Answer 45

Left colic artery

Question 46

Supplies sigmoid colon

Answer 46

Sigmoid arteries

Question 47

Supplies rectum and upper half of anal canal

Answer 47

Superior rectal artery

Question 48

Branches of inferior Mesenteric artery

Answer 48

Left colic artery, sigmoid arteries, and superior rectal artery

Question 49

Sympathetic innervation of Abdominal part of GI tract and accessory organs

Answer 49

Preganglionic fibers originate in lower thoracic and upper lumbar Travel down spinal cord in corresponding spinal nerves White communicating rami Pass through sympathetic trunk (don't synapse) don't splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least, lumbar) Terminate in prevertebral ganglia Synapse with postganglionic neurons

Question 50

Supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to stomach, upper duodenum, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and spleen

Answer 50

Celiac ganglion

Question 51

Supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Answer 51

Superior Mesenteric ganglion

Question 52

Supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal colon

Answer 52

Inferior Mesenteric ganglion

Question 53

Postganglionic fibers originate from:

Answer 53

Prevertebral ganglia (celiac, superior Mesenteric, inferior Mesenteric)

Question 54

How are the artieries of the GI tract innervated?

Answer 54

The fibers form plexuses around them, they innervated the same organs the the arteries supply

Question 55

Parasympathetic innervation of GI tract and Accessory organs (Vagus)

Answer 55

Vagus nerves (CN 10) and pelvic splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers Vagus nerves enter abdomen as anterior and posterior vagal trunks Vagal branches join celiac plexus and superior Mesenteric plexus Target organs are reached via these plexuses Synapse with postganglionic neurons in walls of target organs Distributed along with branches of the abdominal aorta

Question 56

Parasympathetic innervation of GI tract and Accessory organs (Pelvic splanchnic)

Answer 56

Pelvic spanchnic nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from spinal cord segments S2-S4 Fibers enter inferior hypogastric plexus and inferior Mesenteric plexus Target organs are reached via theses plexuses Synapse with postganglionic neurons in walls of target organs Distributed along with branches of the inferior Mesenteric artery