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B2 Anatomy > Overview Of The Abdominal Organs And Peritoneum > Flashcards

Overview Of The Abdominal Organs And Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Clinically speaking, what is the point of the four regions of the AbdominoPelvic cavity?

A

To locate pain, a tumor, or other abnormality.

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2
Q

Where is the Liver located?

A

Upper part of abdominal cavity, immediately inferior to diaphragm.

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3
Q

Parts of the Liver

A

2 unequal lobes divided by Falciform ligament

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4
Q

Functions of the Liver

A

Produces bile
Detoxifies harmful substances such as alcohol, ammonia, and drugs
Phagocytizes bacteria and used red/white blood cells
Stores vitamins, iron, and glucose
Synthesizes proteins and AAs

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5
Q

Location of Gallbladder

A

Tucked into a depression along the anteroinferior margin of the liver’s right lobe

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6
Q

Shape of Gallbladder

A

3-4 inches long

Pear-shaped sac

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7
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Store bile

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8
Q

How does the esophagus enter the abdominal cavity?

A

It pierces the diaphragm slightly left to the midline at the esophageal hiatus

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9
Q

Where does the esophagus terminate?

A

At the stomach, at the cardiac orifice

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10
Q

In the abdominal cavity, where is the esophagus located?

A

Posterior to the left liver lobe

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11
Q

Function of the esophagus

A

Transport food, liquids, and saliva from mouth to the stomach

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12
Q

4 layers/tunics of the Gastrointestinal Tract (deep to superficial)

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

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13
Q

Layers of the Mucosa layer (of the GI Wall)

A

Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosae

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14
Q

The mucosa layer of the GI tract extends from the:

A

Mouth to the anus

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15
Q

Function of the epithelium of the GI tract

A

Protective

Secretion and absorption

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16
Q

What does the Lamina propria layer do?

A

Provides the epithelium with a blood and lymph supply

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17
Q

What is MALT?

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Nodules of lymphatic tissue containing lymphocytes and macrophages that protect the GI Tract wall from bacteria and other pathogens that may be mixed with food.

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18
Q

Where is MALT found?

A

All along the GI tract,

especially in tonsils, small intestine, appendix, and large intestine

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19
Q

What is the Muscularis mucosae later of the GI tract?

A

A thin layer of smooth muscle responsible for local expansion

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20
Q

What is the Submucosa layer of the GI tract?

A

Highly vascular and contains a portion of the submucosal nerve plexus/Meissner’s plexus

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21
Q

What is the Meissner’s plexus?

A

part of the autonomic nerve supply that innervates the mucosa and submucosa

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22
Q

The Muscularis externa layer of the GI tract (and where is it not located?)

A

Consists of smooth muscle responsible for peristalsis

Contains the major nerve supply to the GI tract (controls GI motility)

All of GI tract except mouth and pharynx.

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23
Q

Serosa layer of GI tract

A

Contains a serous membrane covering the external surfaces of most digestive organs

Continuous with the serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

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24
Q

Anatomy of Stomach

A

J-shaped, sac-like dilation of the GI tract between the esophagus and small intestine

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25
Orifices of the Stomach
Cardial and pyloric
26
Functions of the Stomach
stores, mixes, and breaks down food
27
Shape of the small intestine
1-1.5 inches in diameter | 20 feet long
28
Origination of Small Intestine
Pyloric sphincter of the stomach
29
Termination of small intestine
Ileocecal junction of the large intestine
30
3 sections of the small intestines
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
31
Duodenum of small intestine shape and location
C-shaped tube 10 inches long Surrounds head of pancreas Begins at pyloric sphincter Terminates at duodenojejunal junction
32
4 parts of the Duodenum
1st: superior 2nd: descending 3th: horizontal/transverse 4th: ascending
33
Jejunum of small intestine
Begins at duodenojejunal junction Proximal 2/5 which is 8 feet long
34
Ileum of small intestine
Ends at the ileocecal junction Distal 3/5 which is 12 feet long
35
Functions of the small intestine
Mechanical digestion: -bile separates fat into smaller fat globules Chemical digestion: -complete digestion of carbs, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids Absorption: -90% of nutrient absorption occurs in this part of the GI tract
36
Location and shape of Large Intestine
Frames the jejunum and ileum on 3 sides Extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus 5 feet in length
37
5 Parts of the Large Intestine
Cecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum, Anal Canal
38
Cecum of Large Intestine
Blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine, just below the ileocecal canal
39
Appendix
3 inch long skinny earthworth-like attachment to the cecum Lined with lymphatic nodules serving immunity functions
40
Rectum of the Large Intestine
Last 8 inches of large intestine beginning at level of S3
41
Anal Canal of Large Intestine
Last 1-1.5 inch of the rectum, opens to the exterior of the body at the anus
42
Sections of the Colon, of large intestine
Ascending- extends superiority from the ileocecal junction to the right colic/hepatic flexure Transverse- extends from right colic/hepatic flexure to the left colic/splenic flexure Descending- extends from the left colic/splenic flexure to the left iliac fossa Sigmoid- begins in left iliac fossa, terminates at level of S3
43
Functions of the Large Intestine
Mechanical digestion: -rhythmic contractions Chemical digestion: -occurs as a result of bacteria that line the large intestine Absorption: -vitamins K and some B's, some electrolytes, and most of the remaining water are absorbed Defecation
44
Location of the Pancreas
Stretches across the posterior abdominal wall from duodenum to the spleen
45
Parts of the Pancreas
Head, neck, body, tail
46
Functions of the Pancreas
Exocrine portion produces digestive enzymes Endocrine portion produces hormones to raise and lower blood glucose
47
What's so special about the spleen?
It's the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body!
48
Where is the spleen located?
Between the stomach and diaphragm on the left side of the body
49
Functions of spleen
In adults.. Production of antibodies Phagocytosis of bacteria and worn-out/damaged RBCs and platelets Reservoir for blood platelets
50
Location and length of Kidneys
4-5 inches in length, 2-3 inches in width, 1 inch thick Located between the level of the T12 and L3 vertebrae (on each side of vertebral column) Partially protected by 11th and 12th rib pairs Postioned between the peritoneum and posterior wall of the abdomen (retroperitoneal)
51
What does retroperitoneal mean?
Positioned posterior to the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
52
Each kidney gives rise to a....
ureter
53
Functions of the kidneys
Produce hormones Absorb minerals Filter blood Produce urine
54
Adrenal Glands location
Paired, one is located on the superior pole of each kidney
55
Parts of the adrenal gland
Capsule (covering) -connective tissue adrenal cortex Innermost adrenal medulla
56
Functions of the adrenal glands
Cortex and medulla secrete different hormones
57
What is the peritoneum?
A serous membrane lining abdominal and pelvic cavity walls Covers the surface of abdominal and pelvic organs
58
Layers of the peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Peritoneal cavity
59
Parietal peritoneum
Membrane king of abdominopelvic cavity
60
Visceral peritoneum
Covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs Continuous with the parietal peritoneum that lines the body wall
61
Visceral peritoneum lines which organs?
Stomach, large intestine, and small intestine
62
Peritoneal Cavity
Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers
63
Intraperitoneal organs
``` Liver Gallbladder Stomach Jejunum ileum Spleen Tail of pancreas Cecum Appendix Transverse colon Sigmoid colon 1st part of duodenum ```
64
Retroperitoneal organs
SAD PUCKER Suprarenal glands Abdominal aorta and IVC Duodenum (2nd-4th parts) ``` Pancreas (all but tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus (lower 2/3) Rectum ```
65
What are folds of the peritoneum?
Ligaments that pass between two organs or between organs and the abdominal wall
66
Function of the folds of the peritoneum
To hold organs in place and to transmit neurovascular structures to and from organs
67
Falciform Ligament
Peritoneal fold connecting liver to diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall Contains: round ligament of liver
68
Gastrosplenic ligament
Peritoneal fold connecting spleen to stomach. Contains: short gastric vessels and gastroepiploic vessels
69
Lesser Omentum
Peritoneal fold connecting stomach and 1st part of duodenum to liver 2 parts: hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
70
Greater Omentum
Hangs down from stomach in front of loops of jejunum and ileum Consists of 4 peritoneal layers
71
Mesentary of small instestine
Peritoneal fold suspending the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall Transmits neurovascular structures, notably the superior mesenteric vessels and intestinal vessels
72
Nerves of the Parietal Peritoneum
``` Phrenic nerve Lower 5 intercostals Subcostal nerve Iliohypogastric nerve Ilioinguinal nerve ```
73
Pain originating from the _______ __________ is usually severe and well localized
Parietal peritoneum
74
Pain originating from the ______ ________ is usually dull & poorly localized.
Visceral peritoneum
75
Nerves of the Visceral Peritoneum
Visceral afferent sensory fibers traveling with autonomic nerves that supply organs or travel in the mesenteries

B2 Anatomy (7 decks)

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