The 1944 Butler Act Flashcards
The act made _________ education _________ and _____ for the _____ time.
a) secondary
b) universal
c) free
d) first
What did the act introduce?
The tripartite system - established 3 types of schools & 11+ test to determine which type students should attend.
What are the 3 schools?
Grammar
Secondary modern
Technical
What did the new right argue grammar schools & the 11+ system did?
Increase social mobility by providing paths to excellent education & university.
How many students attended technical schools?
Less than 3%
Why are technical schools criticised?
Seemed like a consolation prize for those missing a place in grammar schools, as opposed to ‘equal but different’.
How many students attended grammar schools?
Approx 20%
How did secondary modern schools limit social mobility?
No sixth forms & assumed pupil would leave for full-time employment at 15.
The 1944 Butler Act is criticised as there’s considered to be _____ than ____ types of ________.
more than 3 types of intelligence
The 1944 Butler Act is criticised as the _______ didn’t ________ for ________ kinds of ______ or students who _______ _______ later.
a) 11+ test
b) facilitate
c) different
d) strengths
e) mentally mature
The 1944 Butler Act is criticised as it was viewed as _____ or _____ which meant students felt like _______ from a _____ _____, contributing to _________ theory and ____________ (___________).
a) pass or fail
b) failures
c) young age
d) labelling
e) self-fulfilling prophecy
f) (INTERACTIONIST)
What do critics argue the overwhelming effect of the act was?
What do supporters argue, despite this?
Marxist - reproduced class inequalities & role allocation.
It was meritocratic & a vehicle for social mobility.
What contributed to working-class students being more likely to fail the 11+ and middle-class succeed? (3)
Internal/external factors. Middle-class primary schools prepared students Cultural capital
Why did some working-class parents not want their children to attend grammar schools? (2)
Added expenses
Class differences
One of the reasons working-class parents didn't want their children to attend grammar schools is due to class differences. Give an example of this.
Elaborated vs restricted codes.
Who did the 11+ test favour?
Why?
White pupils as it was ethnocentric.
Since 2011, what percentage of secondary age students attend grammar schools?
5%
Which political party is in favour of opening more grammar schools?
Name an individual.
Conservative
Theresa May
Why did William Beveridge believe compulsory secondary education to be important?
Otherwise people develop ignorance, leading to unequal lack of opportunity.
