The 1944 Butler Act

Question 1

The act made _________ education _________ and _____ for the _____ time.

Answer 1

a) secondary
b) universal
c) free
d) first

Question 2

What did the act introduce?

Answer 2

The tripartite system - established 3 types of schools & 11+ test to determine which type students should attend.

Question 3

What are the 3 schools?

Answer 3

Grammar
Secondary modern
Technical

Question 4

What did the new right argue grammar schools & the 11+ system did?

Answer 4

Increase social mobility by providing paths to excellent education & university.

Question 5

How many students attended technical schools?

Answer 5

Less than 3%

Question 6

Why are technical schools criticised?

Answer 6

Seemed like a consolation prize for those missing a place in grammar schools, as opposed to ‘equal but different’.

Question 7

How many students attended grammar schools?

Answer 7

Approx 20%

Question 8

How did secondary modern schools limit social mobility?

Answer 8

No sixth forms & assumed pupil would leave for full-time employment at 15.

Question 9

The 1944 Butler Act is criticised as there’s considered to be _____ than ____ types of ________.

Answer 9

more than 3 types of intelligence

Question 10

The 1944 Butler Act is criticised as the _______ didn’t ________ for ________ kinds of ______ or students who _______ _______ later.

Answer 10

a) 11+ test
b) facilitate
c) different
d) strengths
e) mentally mature

Question 11

The 1944 Butler Act is criticised as it was viewed as _____ or _____ which meant students felt like _______ from a _____ _____, contributing to _________ theory and ____________ (___________).

Answer 11

a) pass or fail
b) failures
c) young age
d) labelling
e) self-fulfilling prophecy
f) (INTERACTIONIST)

Question 12

What do critics argue the overwhelming effect of the act was?
What do supporters argue, despite this?

Answer 12

Marxist - reproduced class inequalities & role allocation.

It was meritocratic & a vehicle for social mobility.

Question 13

What contributed to working-class students being more likely to fail the 11+ and middle-class succeed? (3)

Answer 13

Internal/external factors.
Middle-class primary schools prepared students
Cultural capital

Question 14

Why did some working-class parents not want their children to attend grammar schools? (2)

Answer 14

Added expenses

Class differences

Question 15

One of the reasons working-class parents didn't want their children to attend grammar schools is due to class differences.
Give an example of this.

Answer 15

Elaborated vs restricted codes.

Question 16

Who did the 11+ test favour?

Why?

Answer 16

White pupils as it was ethnocentric.

Question 17

Since 2011, what percentage of secondary age students attend grammar schools?

Answer 17

5%

Question 18

Which political party is in favour of opening more grammar schools?
Name an individual.

Answer 18

Conservative

Theresa May

Question 19

Why did William Beveridge believe compulsory secondary education to be important?

Answer 19

Otherwise people develop ignorance, leading to unequal lack of opportunity.