Marketisation & Privatisation Flashcards
Ball and Youdell (2007) identified endogenous and exogenous privatisation in the education system.
What do these mean?
Endogenous = schools are privatised from within.
Exogenous = government privatisation.
Give an example of exogenous privatisation, Ball and Youdell (2007).
Free schools.
Give an example of endogenous privatisation, Ball and Youdell (2007).
Advertising against competitors.
There has been a growth in private companies interfering in the education system. Give an example.
Educational Testing Service was given a contract to manage SATS.
There has been a growth in private companies interfering in the education system. What did labour argue this would provide?
Greater equality
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. What are these?
New academies that are government funded & not controlled by local authorities.
Who was education secretary in the coalition?
Michael Gove - tory.
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. Free schools have the same _______ as _________.
benefits as academies.
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. How are free schools different to academies?
Usually brand new institutions whereas academies are converted existing schools ran by local authorities.
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. How many are there currently in the UK?
393
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. What are some of the criticisms of free schools? (2)
Break up the school system
Very expensive
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. Why?
Seen as a way to drive up standards & increase school places.
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. How much evidence is there for free schools driving up standards?
Very little
The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. Critics state individuals can make a lot of money out of free schools and academies (new labour). Expand on this.
Profit-making companies whose services are contracted out to might make decisions based on profit, not education.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed the curriculum. How were A levels made more difficult?
(2)
Removed opportunities to re-sit A level exams.
Separated AS from A level so they would have to sit AS first.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed the curriculum. How was the national curriculum made more traditional?
Made 5-year-olds learn fractions & placed higher emphasis on grammar & spelling in English.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed the curriculum. What was the EBac (English Baccalaureate)?
Ensured certain subjects regarded as academic had to be passed to gain certain qualifications eg GCSEs.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed league tables. How did this happen?
Based them on percentage of students who attained GCSE 9-4 in a specific range of subjects.
How did the coalition government (2010-2015) change the Educational Maintenance Allowance (EMA)?
Scrapped it
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed vocational qualifications. How?
Decreased it by counting only 125 vocational qualifications as GCSE equivalent compared to the previously accepted 3,175.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. How did tuition fees change?
£3,225 a year to max £9,000 a year.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. When did students have to start paying back student loans?
Once they started earning over £21,000 a year + interest.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. How did rules in admission change?
Relaxed so that by 2014, unis could expand & take on more students.
What was the coalition government’s (2010-2015) main criticism of the education system?
It was too easy to gain qualifications.
What is pupil premium? (3)
Benefit for schools for no. of students on low income & eligible for FSM.
£900 per pupil per year.
Headteachers decide what happens to it.
The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. Some argue the increased cost is off-putting for working-class students. How is it defended by the new right? (2)
Maintenance grants help cover living costs.
Students pay back debts when they earn £21,000 a year & wiped out after 30 years.
Give an example of the coalition government (2010-2015) being a success.
At end of new labour, privileged students were 3.2x more likely to go to uni than poorer students. Reduced to 2.8x by 2013.
Give an example of the coalition government (2010-2015) NOT being a success.
Gender gap in applications & acceptances continued to increase. In 2013, 21% more female than male 18-year-olds entered university.
Criticisms of the coalition government (2010-2015):
____ schools and _______ reduced the ______ available for other schools.
_____ _______ is not always spent on helping the most ___________ pupils - some schools have admitted using it for _____ ________.
a) free
b) academies
c) budget
d) pupil premium
e) disadvantaged
f) other purposes
