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Emma H&N II > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • subthalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus
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2
Q

internal capsule fibers

A
  • brings output of cortex to subcortical sites (to LMNs)

- carries all projections from thalamus to cortex via posterior limb (except for optic)

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3
Q

all sensory systems but ________ system project to the thalamus and synapse there

A

all sensory systems but OLFACTORY system project to the thalamus and synapse there

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4
Q

thalamus receives motor input from ________ and _________, which is then projected to areas of primary and associated motor cortex

A

thalamus receives motor input from the CEREBELLUM and BASAL GANGLIA, which is then projected to areas of primary and associated motor cortex

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5
Q

thalamus receives input from:

A
  • all sensory but olfactory
  • cerebellum
  • basal ganglia
  • limbic system
  • parietal, occipital, temporal cortex
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6
Q

subdivisions of the thalamus

A
  • anterior
  • medial
  • lateral
  • posterior
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7
Q

thalamic nuclei

A
  • medial geniculate body
  • lateral geniculate body
  • VPL (ventroposterolateral)
  • VPM (ventroposteromedial)
  • VA (ventral anterior)
  • VL (ventrolateral)
  • anterior
  • dorsomedial
  • pulvinar
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8
Q

medial geniculate body

A

inf. colliculus –> medial geniculate –> Heschl’s gyrus (A1)

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9
Q

lateral geniculate body

A

optic tract –> lateral geniculate –> visual cortex (V1)

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10
Q

VPL

A 
somatosensory pathways (STT, dorsal column)
-sensory info from BODY

STT/DC –> VPL –> sensory cortex

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11
Q

VPM

A 
somatosensory pathways (trigeminothalamic tract)
-sensory info from FACE

trigeminal (all) –> VPM –> lower end of sensory cortex

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12
Q

somatosensory nuclei of thalamus

A
  • VPL

- VPM

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13
Q

motor nuclei of thalamus

A
  • VA

- VL

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14
Q

VA

A
  • motor system
  • basal ganglia

globus pallidus –> VA –> motor, motor association

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15
Q

VL

A
  • motor system
  • cerebellum

deep nuclei –> VL –> motor, motor association

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16
Q

limbic system

A

-memory, emotion

17
Q

papez circuit

A

-limbic system

mamillary bodies –> anterior –> cingulate gyrus hippocampus –> mamillary bodies

18
Q

anterior nucleus

A
  • limbic system
  • papez circuit

mamillary bodies –> anterior –> cingulate gyrus hippocampus –> mamillary bodies

19
Q

association nuclei

A
  • dorsomedial
  • pulvinar

project to association cortex

20
Q

DM

A

-dorsomedial

amygdala (limbic system) –> DM –> frontal

21
Q

Pulvinar

A

T/P/O –> Pulvinar –> T/P/O cortices

22
Q

function of the thalamus

A

modulation of signals before they enter the cortex

–allows for selective attention

23
Q

pure sensory stroke of thalamus

A
  • lacunae in VPL, VPM
  • –loss of all sensation in body/face
  • infarct due to small vessel disease
  • associated with HTN, DM

typified by:

  • microatheroma
  • lipohyalinosis
24
Q

microatheroma

A
  • deposit or degenerative accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layer of the wall of an artery
  • typical of a pure sensory stroke of thalamus
25
Q

lipohyalinosis

A
  • degenerative changes in small blood vessels
  • accumulation of glassy/waxy looking lipid in vessel wall

-typical of pure sensory stroke of thalamus

26
Q

thalamic hemorrhage

A
  • spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
  • associated with HTN
  • involvement of adjacent internal capsule (dominates, adds hemiparesis)
  • also sensory involvement
27
Q

common sx of thalamic hemorrhage

A
  • numbness, sensory deficits on CONTRAlateral side
  • sometimes developing into thalamic pain
  • hemiparesis
28
Q

Thalamic coma

A
  • bilateral involvement of reticular activating system

- embolus at top of basilar a., before bifurcation

29
Q

Blood supply of thalamus

A

proximal br. of PCA (posterior cerebral a.)

Emma H&N II (49 decks)

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