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Emma H&N II > Stop forgetting > Flashcards

Stop forgetting Flashcards

1
Q

motor to the larynx innervated by ____________

EXCEPT ________, which is innervated by ___________

A

motor to the larynx innervated by RECURRENT LARYNGEAL N

except CRICOTHYROID M, which is innervated by EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL N (br of superior laryngeal n)

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2
Q

sensory above vocal cords

A

internal laryngeal n

also sensory in PIRIFORM RECESS

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3
Q

sensory below vocal cords

A

recurrent laryngeal n

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4
Q

lateral arytenoid m

A

ADDUCTS vocal cords

whisperer’s muscle

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5
Q

thyroarytenoid m

A

relaxes vocal cords (lowering pitch)

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6
Q

transverse arytenoid mm

A

ADDUCTS vocal cords

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7
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid mm

A

ABDUCTS vocal cords

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8
Q

cricothyroid m

A

tenses vocal cords

external laryngeal n

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9
Q

thyroepiglottic m

A

WIDENS laryngeal inlet

superior fibers of thyroarytenoid m, fan out

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10
Q

oblique/transverse arytenoid m

A

NARROWS laryngeal inlet

ADDUCTS vocal cords

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11
Q

ariepiglottic m

A

closes laryngeal inlet (drawstring bag)

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12
Q

tongue motor innervation is all by _________

EXCEPT ___________, which is innervated by ___________

A

tongue motor innervation is all by HYPOGLOSSAL (XII)

except PALATOGLOSSUS, which is innervated by VAGUS (X)

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13
Q

what structure is closely related to occipital artery?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal n)

cross: nerve over artery

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14
Q

styloglossus m

A

retraction, cupping

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15
Q

palatoglossus m

A

retraction, elevation

elevates tongue, depresses soft palate

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16
Q

genioglossus m

A

protrusion

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17
Q

hyoglossus m

A

depression

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18
Q

geniohyoid m

A

NOT a muscle of the tongue

  • shortens floor of mouth
  • innervated by C1
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19
Q

muscles of the soft palate innervated by _________

EXCEPT __________, which is innervated by __________

A

muscles of the soft palate innervated by VAGUS (X)

except TENSOR VELI PALATINI, which is innervated by V3

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20
Q

location of pharyngeal tonsils

A

in pharyngeal recess ABOVE torus tubarius

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21
Q

muscle associated with the hamulus

A

TENSOR veli palatini

  • uses hamulus (medial pterygoid plate) as a fulcrum
  • starts from scaphoid fossa
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22
Q

muscles of the pharynx innervated by __________

EXCEPT ________, which is innervated by ___________

A

muscles of the pharynx innervated by VAGUS (X)

except STYLOPHARYNGEUS, which is innervated by GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX)

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23
Q

function of pharyngeal constrictors

A

contract sequentially to move food into esophagus

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24
Q

hyoid bone landmark

A

C3

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25
Q

thyroid cartilage landmark

A

C4/5

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26
Q

cricoid cartilage landmark

A

C6

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27
Q

ventricle

A

space between true/false vocal cords

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28
Q

vestibule

A

region above false vocal cords

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29
Q

what is incised to create an emergency airway?

A

cricothyroid membrane

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30
Q

what membrane is pierced by the internal laryngeal n and superior laryngeal a?

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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31
Q

which artery travels with the internal laryngeal n?

A

superior laryngeal artery

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32
Q

tragus sensation

A

auriculotemporal n

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33
Q

helix/antihelix sensation

A

lesser occipital n

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34
Q

earlobe sensation

A

great auricular n

35
Q

light reflex area

A
  • anterior

- inferior

36
Q

stapes derived from which arch?

A

2nd

37
Q

myringotomy

A

surgical alleviation of fluid build up in middle ear

-below malleus handle

38
Q

aditis

A
  • opening into the antrum that leads to mastoid air cells from the middle ear
  • posterior wall of middle ear
39
Q

Meniere’s syndrome

A
  • vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

- linked to endolymphatic hydrops

40
Q

persistent exposure to excessively loud sounds causes loss of _______

A

persistent exposure to excessively loud sounds causes loss of sensitivity to HIGH FREQUENCY SOUNDS

presbycusis

41
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

-defect/damage to cochlea/cochlear nerve

42
Q

conductive hearing loss

A
  • name self explanatory

- Tx: cochlear implant

43
Q

scala tympani

A
  • contains perilymph

- fluid flows away from helicotrema

44
Q

scala vestibuli

A
  • contains perilymph

- fluid flows toward helicotrema

45
Q

crista

A
  • sense organ

- inside each ampulla (swellings of semicircular canal)

46
Q

utricle

A

horizontal plane

47
Q

saccule

A

vertical plane

48
Q

otoliths

A
  • crystals (calcium carbonate)

- in utricle/sacule

49
Q

nerve point

A
  • lesser occipital
  • great auricular
  • transverse cervical
  • supraclavicular
50
Q

depressor anguli oris

A
  • depresses angle of mouth
  • tiny red box on Willson’s review

other face muscles:

  • depressor labii inferioris
  • levator anguli oris
  • mentalis
  • nasalis
51
Q

nerve to mylohyoid

A

-branch of V3 (just before internal alveolar enters mandible)

  • mylohyoid
  • anterior digastric
52
Q

innervation of lateral nose

A
  • lateral nasal branches of GREATER palatine n (V2)

- lateral nasal branches of anterior ethmoidal n

53
Q

innervation of medial nose

A
  • branches of anterior ethmoidal

- nasopalatine of V2 (vomer space)

54
Q

blood supply of lateral nose

A
  • branches of anterior ethmoidal
  • lateral nasal branches of facial artery
  • posterior lateral nasal br of sphenopalatine
55
Q

bloody supply of medial nose

A
  • septal branches of anterior ethmoidal

- posterior septal nasal branches of SPHENOPALATINE

56
Q

thyrocervical trunk

A

inferior thyroid a
transverse cervical a
suprascapular a

57
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A
  • bilateral

- thru pedicles of C2

58
Q

Jefferson fracture

A
  • compression fracture
  • C1
  • lateral mass splits
  • tears transverse ligament
59
Q

Clay Shoveler’s fracture

A
  • avulsion of spinous process

- C6/T1

60
Q

function of mylohyoid

A
  • elevates floor of mouth

- depresses mandible or highlights hyoid bone

61
Q

thyrohyoid innervated by

A

C1

62
Q

suboccipital muscles

A
  • rectus capitus posterior
  • obliquius capitus
  • splenius capitus

innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

63
Q

sensation to posterior scalp

A

greater occipital n (C2)

64
Q

anterior neck muscles (deep)

A
  • longus capitus
  • longus colli
  • scalenes
  • rectus capitus anterior
  • rectus capitus lateralis
65
Q

recurrent laryngeal n is 90 degrees to what vessel?

A

inferior thyroid a

66
Q

dural innervation: anterior cranial fossa

A

V1, V2, V3

67
Q

dural innervation: middle cranial fossa

A

V2, V3

68
Q

dural innervation: floor of posterior cranial fossa

A

C2, C3

69
Q

dural innervation: tentorium

A

tentorial n, V1

70
Q

dural innervation: anterior falx cerebri

A

anterior meningeal a, V1

71
Q

dural innervation: posterior falx cerebri

A

tentorial n, V1

72
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis: signs, Tx

A
  • pain
  • ptosis, dilated pupil
  • double vision
  • facial sensory loss
  • anticoagulants
  • antibiotics
  • drainage
73
Q

cleft lip results from failure of __________ to fuse with __________

A

cleft lip results from failure of INTERMAXILLARY PROMINENCE to fuse with MAXILLARY SWELLING

74
Q

TMJ is what type of joint

A

ginglymo-arthrodial-diarthrosis (sliding hinge joint with two cavities)

75
Q

what structure is 90 degrees with middle meningeal a

A

auriculotemporal n

76
Q

inflammation of the sinuses

A

sinusitis

SPECIFY LEFT OR RIGHT ON TEST

77
Q

infections in sphenoid sinus may affect _________

A

infections in sphenoid sinus may affect OPTIC N

optic canal is close to the roof of the sphenoid sinus

78
Q

what drains to the middle meatus?

A

anterior ethmoid air cells
maxillary sinus
frontal sinus

79
Q

what drains to ethmoid bulla

A

middle ethmoidal air cells

80
Q

what drains to superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoid air cells

81
Q

what drains to sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

sphenoid sinus

82
Q

first part of the maxillary artery

A

MANDIBULAR PART: supplies mandible

  • inferior alveolar a
  • middle meningeal a
  • accessory meningeal a
83
Q

second part of maxillary artery

A

PTERYGOID PART: supplies muscles

  • ant/post. deep temporal aa
  • masseteric a
  • medial/lateral pterygoid a
  • buccal a
84
Q

third part of maxillary artery

A

PTERYGOPALATINE PART: into pterygopalatine

  • infraorbital a
  • posterior superior alveolar a
  • sphenopalatine a
  • descending palatine a

Emma H&N II (49 decks)

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