Stop forgetting Flashcards
motor to the larynx innervated by ____________
EXCEPT ________, which is innervated by ___________
motor to the larynx innervated by RECURRENT LARYNGEAL N
except CRICOTHYROID M, which is innervated by EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL N (br of superior laryngeal n)
sensory above vocal cords
internal laryngeal n
also sensory in PIRIFORM RECESS
sensory below vocal cords
recurrent laryngeal n
lateral arytenoid m
ADDUCTS vocal cords
whisperer’s muscle
thyroarytenoid m
relaxes vocal cords (lowering pitch)
transverse arytenoid mm
ADDUCTS vocal cords
posterior cricoarytenoid mm
ABDUCTS vocal cords
cricothyroid m
tenses vocal cords
external laryngeal n
thyroepiglottic m
WIDENS laryngeal inlet
superior fibers of thyroarytenoid m, fan out
oblique/transverse arytenoid m
NARROWS laryngeal inlet
ADDUCTS vocal cords
ariepiglottic m
closes laryngeal inlet (drawstring bag)
tongue motor innervation is all by _________
EXCEPT ___________, which is innervated by ___________
tongue motor innervation is all by HYPOGLOSSAL (XII)
except PALATOGLOSSUS, which is innervated by VAGUS (X)
what structure is closely related to occipital artery?
CN XII (hypoglossal n)
cross: nerve over artery
styloglossus m
retraction, cupping
palatoglossus m
retraction, elevation
elevates tongue, depresses soft palate
genioglossus m
protrusion
hyoglossus m
depression
geniohyoid m
NOT a muscle of the tongue
- shortens floor of mouth
- innervated by C1
muscles of the soft palate innervated by _________
EXCEPT __________, which is innervated by __________
muscles of the soft palate innervated by VAGUS (X)
except TENSOR VELI PALATINI, which is innervated by V3
location of pharyngeal tonsils
in pharyngeal recess ABOVE torus tubarius
muscle associated with the hamulus
TENSOR veli palatini
- uses hamulus (medial pterygoid plate) as a fulcrum
- starts from scaphoid fossa
muscles of the pharynx innervated by __________
EXCEPT ________, which is innervated by ___________
muscles of the pharynx innervated by VAGUS (X)
except STYLOPHARYNGEUS, which is innervated by GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX)
function of pharyngeal constrictors
contract sequentially to move food into esophagus
hyoid bone landmark
C3
thyroid cartilage landmark
C4/5
cricoid cartilage landmark
C6
ventricle
space between true/false vocal cords
vestibule
region above false vocal cords
what is incised to create an emergency airway?
cricothyroid membrane
what membrane is pierced by the internal laryngeal n and superior laryngeal a?
thyrohyoid membrane
which artery travels with the internal laryngeal n?
superior laryngeal artery
tragus sensation
auriculotemporal n
helix/antihelix sensation
lesser occipital n
earlobe sensation
great auricular n
light reflex area
- anterior
- inferior
stapes derived from which arch?
2nd
myringotomy
surgical alleviation of fluid build up in middle ear
-below malleus handle
aditis
- opening into the antrum that leads to mastoid air cells from the middle ear
- posterior wall of middle ear
Meniere’s syndrome
- vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
- linked to endolymphatic hydrops
persistent exposure to excessively loud sounds causes loss of _______
persistent exposure to excessively loud sounds causes loss of sensitivity to HIGH FREQUENCY SOUNDS
presbycusis
sensorineural hearing loss
-defect/damage to cochlea/cochlear nerve
conductive hearing loss
- name self explanatory
- Tx: cochlear implant
scala tympani
- contains perilymph
- fluid flows away from helicotrema
scala vestibuli
- contains perilymph
- fluid flows toward helicotrema
crista
- sense organ
- inside each ampulla (swellings of semicircular canal)
utricle
horizontal plane
saccule
vertical plane
otoliths
- crystals (calcium carbonate)
- in utricle/sacule
nerve point
- lesser occipital
- great auricular
- transverse cervical
- supraclavicular
depressor anguli oris
- depresses angle of mouth
- tiny red box on Willson’s review
other face muscles:
- depressor labii inferioris
- levator anguli oris
- mentalis
- nasalis
nerve to mylohyoid
-branch of V3 (just before internal alveolar enters mandible)
- mylohyoid
- anterior digastric
innervation of lateral nose
- lateral nasal branches of GREATER palatine n (V2)
- lateral nasal branches of anterior ethmoidal n
innervation of medial nose
- branches of anterior ethmoidal
- nasopalatine of V2 (vomer space)
blood supply of lateral nose
- branches of anterior ethmoidal
- lateral nasal branches of facial artery
- posterior lateral nasal br of sphenopalatine
bloody supply of medial nose
- septal branches of anterior ethmoidal
- posterior septal nasal branches of SPHENOPALATINE
thyrocervical trunk
inferior thyroid a
transverse cervical a
suprascapular a
Hangman’s fracture
- bilateral
- thru pedicles of C2
Jefferson fracture
- compression fracture
- C1
- lateral mass splits
- tears transverse ligament
Clay Shoveler’s fracture
- avulsion of spinous process
- C6/T1
function of mylohyoid
- elevates floor of mouth
- depresses mandible or highlights hyoid bone
thyrohyoid innervated by
C1
suboccipital muscles
- rectus capitus posterior
- obliquius capitus
- splenius capitus
innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves
sensation to posterior scalp
greater occipital n (C2)
anterior neck muscles (deep)
- longus capitus
- longus colli
- scalenes
- rectus capitus anterior
- rectus capitus lateralis
recurrent laryngeal n is 90 degrees to what vessel?
inferior thyroid a
dural innervation: anterior cranial fossa
V1, V2, V3
dural innervation: middle cranial fossa
V2, V3
dural innervation: floor of posterior cranial fossa
C2, C3
dural innervation: tentorium
tentorial n, V1
dural innervation: anterior falx cerebri
anterior meningeal a, V1
dural innervation: posterior falx cerebri
tentorial n, V1
cavernous sinus thrombosis: signs, Tx
- pain
- ptosis, dilated pupil
- double vision
- facial sensory loss
- anticoagulants
- antibiotics
- drainage
cleft lip results from failure of __________ to fuse with __________
cleft lip results from failure of INTERMAXILLARY PROMINENCE to fuse with MAXILLARY SWELLING
TMJ is what type of joint
ginglymo-arthrodial-diarthrosis (sliding hinge joint with two cavities)
what structure is 90 degrees with middle meningeal a
auriculotemporal n
inflammation of the sinuses
sinusitis
SPECIFY LEFT OR RIGHT ON TEST
infections in sphenoid sinus may affect _________
infections in sphenoid sinus may affect OPTIC N
optic canal is close to the roof of the sphenoid sinus
what drains to the middle meatus?
anterior ethmoid air cells
maxillary sinus
frontal sinus
what drains to ethmoid bulla
middle ethmoidal air cells
what drains to superior meatus?
posterior ethmoid air cells
what drains to sphenoethmoidal recess?
sphenoid sinus
first part of the maxillary artery
MANDIBULAR PART: supplies mandible
- inferior alveolar a
- middle meningeal a
- accessory meningeal a
second part of maxillary artery
PTERYGOID PART: supplies muscles
- ant/post. deep temporal aa
- masseteric a
- medial/lateral pterygoid a
- buccal a
third part of maxillary artery
PTERYGOPALATINE PART: into pterygopalatine
- infraorbital a
- posterior superior alveolar a
- sphenopalatine a
- descending palatine a
