Thalamus

Question 1

Anterior nucleus

Answer 1

Afferent: Mammillary body
Efferent: Cingulate gyrus

Question 2

Ventral anterior and ventral lateralis

Answer 2

Afferent: Dentate nucleus, pallidum, substansia nigra, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, reticular formation
Efferent: Precentral gyrus

Question 3

Ventral posterolateralis nucleus

Answer 3

Afferent: Spinal cord
Efferent: Postcentral gyrus

Question 4

Ventralis posteriomedialis nucleus

Answer 4

Afferent: Spinal and main trigeminal nuclei (from solitary nucleus)
Efferent: Postcentral nucleus

Question 5

Dorsomedial nucleus

Answer 5

Medial magnocellular part, lateral parvocellular part
Afferent: Globus pallidus, basal nucleus of Meynert, magnocellular- amygdala, hypothalamus
Efferent: Frontal lobe (premotor cortex, polar cortex, orbital cortex)

Question 6

Centromedian, parafascicular nuclei

Answer 6

Ventrocaudal parvocellular part + dorso-oral magnocellular part
Afferet: Emboliform nucleus, reticular formation, Globus pallidus
Efferent: parvocellular - putamen, magnocellular - caudate nucleus

Question 7

Nucleus lateralis posterior, pulvinar thalami

Answer 7

Afferent: Cerebral cortex
Efferent: Cerebral cortex

Question 8

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Answer 8

Afferent: Thalamus
Efferent: Thalamus

Question 9

Medial geniculate body

Answer 9

Afferent: Inferior colliculus
Efferent: Superior temporal gyrus

Question 10

Lateral geniculate body

Answer 10

Afferent: Retina
Efferent: Striate cortex (occipital lobe)

Question 11

Metathalamus

Answer 11

Medial and lateral geniculate bodies

Pulvinar

Question 12

Epithalamus

Answer 12

Location: habenula and epiphysis cerebri + connections
Parts:
-Habenula
-stria medullaris thalami
-epiphysis cerebri
-posterior commissure
Function: 
-part of limbic system
-habenula= realy olfactory information to VM nuclei of brain stem
-epiphysis= biorythm

Question 13

Neurons in thalamus

Answer 13

Thalamocortical relay neurons
- medium sized
- 4-6 main dendrites, 6-8 straight secondary branches, dendrites have spines and protrusions
-axons to cerebral cortex forming thalamic peduncle
- axons terminate in 5th layer
Golgi type 2 local interneurons
-smaller, 3-4 long dendrites

Question 14

Subthalamus

Answer 14

Location: continuation of mesencephalic tegmentum beneath the thalamus, posterolaterally from hypothalamus
Function: part of extrapyramidal system
Areas:
1. Field H1 of Forel: white matter, thalamic fasciculus
2. Field H2 of Forel: white matter, lenticular fasciculus
3. Zona incerta: grey matter, reticular formation
4. Subthalamic nucleus: subthalamic fasciculus, fibers to pallidum

Question 15

Connections of habenula

Answer 15

Afferent (stria meddulares thalami):

• septal nuclei
• substansia perforata anterior
• preoptic region
• amygdaloid complex

Efferent:

• habenulotectal tract - superior colliculus
• habenulotegemntal tract - dorsal tegmental nucleus
• habenulointerpeduncular tract - interpeduncular nuclei in reticular formation

Question 16

Fibers crossing epithalamic commissure

Answer 16

Habenulotectal fibers
Fibers from Cajals nucleus + Darshevichs nucleus
Vestibular fibers