Cranial nerves

Question 1

Motor nuclei

Answer 1

Multipolar neurons!
Somatomotor: dorsomedial nuclei, to striated muscle
Special visceromotor: ventrolateral nuclei, to striated muscle of viscera
General visceromotor: parasymp., to smooth muscle and glands of viscera

Question 2

Sensory nuclei

Answer 2

Multipolar neurons!
General viscerosensory: from interoceptors, chemo- and baroreceptors
Special viscerosensory: from taste fibers
General somatosensory: from mechano-, noci- and thermoreceptors (epicritic, protopathic, proprioception)
Special somatosensory: from vestibular and auditory

Question 3

Oculomotor nerve nuclei

Answer 3

SM: Motor nucleus of oculomotor
GVM: Westphal-Edinger

Question 4

Trochlear nerve nuclei

Answer 4

SM: Motor nucleus of trochlear nerve

Question 5

Trigeminal nerve nuclei

Answer 5

SVM: Motor trigeminal nucleus
GSS: Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (proprioceptiom)
Pontine nucleus (epicritic)
Spinal trigeminal nucleus (protopathic)

Question 6

Abducent nerve nuclei

Answer 6

SM: motor nucleus of abducent nerve

Question 7

Facial nerve nuclei

Answer 7

SVM: Motor nucleus of facial nerve
GVM: Superior salivatory nucleus
SVS: Solitary tract nucleus
GSS: spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 8

Vestibulocochlear nerve nuclei

Answer 8

SSS: Cochlear nucleus

Vestibular nucleus

Question 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve nuclei

Answer 9

SVM: Ambiguus nucleus
GVM: Inferior salivatory nucleus
GSS: Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
GVS: Lateral ala cinerea nucleus
SVS: Solitary tract nucleus

Question 10

Vagus nerve nuclei

Answer 10

SVM:Ambiguus nucleus
GVM: Medial ala cinerea nucleus
GSS: Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
GVS: Lateral ala cinerea nucleus
SVS: Solitary tract nucleus

Question 11

Accessory nerve nuclei

Answer 11

SM: C1-6 motoneurons
SVM: ambiguus nucleus

Question 12

Hypoglossal nerve nuclei

Answer 12

SM: motor nucleus of hypoglossal nerve

Question 13

Trigeminal leminiscus

Answer 13

Epicritic receptor - Trigeminal ganglion - Abeta type trigeminal nerve - Main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve - Cross in pons - thalamus VPM - postcentral gyrus

Question 14

Spinal trigeminal leminiscus

Answer 14

Protopathic receptor - Trigeminal ganglion - Adelta/ C fibers - spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve - cross in medulla - thalamus VPM - postcentral gyrus

Question 15

Oculomotor nerve

Answer 15

Brain exit: lateral side of interpeduncular fossa
Dural exit: cavernous sinus
Skull exit: Superior orbital fissure
Branches: superior: rectus superior m, levator palpebrae superioris m.
inferior: inferior rectus m., medial rectus m., inferior oblique m.
Ganglion: ciliary

Question 16

Trochlear nerve

Answer 16

Brain exit: frenulum of superior medullary velum
Dural exit: ambiens cistern to cavernous sinus
Skull exit: Superior orbital fissure
Innervates: superior oblique m.

Question 17

Abducent nerve

Answer 17

Brain exit: ponto-medullary junction
Dural exit: clivus to cavernous sinus
Skull exit: Superior orbital fissure
Innervates: lateral rectus m.

Question 18

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 18

Brain exit: ventral side of pons
Dural exit: cavum tigeminale
Ganglion: trigeminal ganglion
Branches: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 19

Ophthalmic nerve

Answer 19

Dural exit: cavum trigeminale to cavernous sinus
Skulle exit: superior orbital fissure
Branches:
frontal - supraorbital, supratrochlear
lacrimal
nasociliary- infratrochlear, ant.ethmoidal, post. ethmoidal, long ciliary

Question 20

Maxillary nerve

Answer 20

Dural exit: cavernous sinus
Skull exit: foramen rotundum
Pathway: foramen rotundum - pterygopalatine fossa - inf. orbital fissure - orbit - infraorbital groove - infraorbital foramen
Branches:
pterygopalatine - nasal, greater palatine, lesser palatine, pharyngeal
zygomatic - zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial
infraorbital - ant. superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar, post. superior alveolar

Question 21

Mandibular nerve

Answer 21

Dural and skull exit: foramen ovale
Pathway: foramen ovale - infratempral fossa - mandibular canal - foramen mentale
Branches:
1.main trunk - meningeal, medial pterygoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
2.anterior - masseteric, deep temporal, lateral pterygoid, buccal
3.posterior - auricotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar(mylohyoidal, inferior dental, mental)

Question 22

Facial nerve

Answer 22

Brain exit: junction of pons and cerebellar peduncle
Dural exit: internal acoustic meatus
Skull exit: facial canal - stylomastoid foramen
Branches:
1.intracranial - greater petrosal, auricular, chorda tympani, stapedial
2.extracranial - posterior alveolar, posterior diagastric, stylohyoid, parotid plexus (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical)
Ganglions: geniculate, pterygopalatine, submandibular

Question 23

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 23

Brain exit: lateral parolivary sulcus
Dural and skull exit: jugular foramen
Branches:
tympanic
communicating auricular
carotid
pharyngeal plexus - pharyngeal, tonsillar, lingual, stylopharyngeus, sup. constrictor of pharynx
Ganglions: superius and inferius, otic

Question 24

Vagus nerve

Answer 24

Brain exit: lateral parolivary sulcus
Dural and skull exit: jugular foramen
Branches:
meningeal
auricular
pharyngeal
superior laryngeal - external and internal
cardiac - sup. cervical, inf. cervical, thoracic cardiac
recurrent laryngeal - tracheal,esophageal, inf. laryngeal
tracheal and bronchial
esophageal
pericardial
vagal trunks - gastric, celiac, hepatic
Ganglions: superius and inferius, vegetative

Question 25

Accessory nerve

Answer 25

Brain exit: lateral parolivary sulcus
Dural and skull exit: jugular foramen
Brnaches: internal and external

Question 26

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 26

Brain exit: medial parolivary sulcus

Dural and skull exit: hypoglossal canal