Dorsal regions Flashcards
Borders of nuchal region
Superior: External Occipital protuberance
Lateral: line along side of mastoid process
Inferior: Vertebral prominence (C7)
Medial: vertical line from external occipital protuberance to vertebral prominence
Skin innervation of nuchal region
Lesser occipital nerve (C2/C3)
Greater occipital nerve (dorsal C2)
Tertiary occipital nerve (dorsal C3)
Suboccipital tringle Borders
lateral: obliquus capitis superior
inferior: obliquus capitis inferior
superior: rectus capitis posterior major + minor
roof: deep nuchal fascia
floor: posterior atlantooccipital membrane
Suboccipital triangle content
Vertebral artery Suboccipital nerve (dorsal C1)
Layers of nuchal region
- skin
- subcutaneous fat
- superficial nuchal fascia
- trapezius muscle
- splenius capitis muscle
- semispinalis capitis
- deep nuchal fascia
- suboccipital triangle
- posterior atlantooccipital membrane
10 semispinalis cervicis muscle
Trapezius
O: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, C1-C7 spinous process, T1-T4 spinous process, T5-t12 spinous process
I: clavicle, acromion, scapular line
I: accessory n.
Latissimus dorsi
O: scapula, 9-12 ribs, T7-T12 spinous process, iliac crest
I: crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus
I: thoracodorsal n
Levator scapulae
O: C1-C4 transverse process
I:scapula
I:dorsal scapular n
Rhomboid minor
O: C7-T1 spinous process, inf. nuchal ligament
I: scapula
I: dorsal scapular n
Rhomboid major
O:T2-T5 spinous process
I: scapula
I:dorsal scapular nerve
Serratus posterior superior
O: C7-T3 spinous process, nuchal ligament
I: 2-5 ribs
I:T1-T4 anterior spinal nerve
Serratus posterior inferior
O: T11-L2 spinous process
I: 9-12 ribs
I: intercostals T9-T12
Anterior intertransversarii cervicis
O: C2-C7 anterior tubercle
I: same
I: C1-C7 spinal n
Lateral intertransversarii lumborum
O: transverse process
I: same
I: L1-L5 spinal n
Levator costarum
longi:
O: C8-T11 transverse process
I:next rib
I:C8-T11 spinal n
brevis:
O:C8-T11 transverse process
I: next rib
I: spinal n
Iliocostalis
Lumborum:
O: sacrum, iliac crest, TLF
I: L1-L3 costal process, 6-9 ribs
Thoracic:
O: lower 6 ribs
I: upper 6 ribs
Cervicis:
O:3-6 ribs
I: transverse process C6-C4
Longissimus
Thoracic:
O: sacrum, T6-T12 transverse process, L1-L5 spinous process
I: accessory, transverse process of lumbar, ribs
Cervicis:
O: T1-T6 transverse process
I: C2-C5 transverse process
Capitis:
O: C4-T4 transverse process
I: mastoid process
Splenius
Cervicis:
O: T3-T6 spinous process
I: C1-C2 transverse process
Capitis:
O: nuchal ligament, C3-T6 spinous process
I: mastoid process, sup. nuchal line
Interspinales cervicis, thoracic, lumborum
O-I: between spinous processes
Posterior intertransversarii cervicis
O-I: C2-C7 posterior tubercles
Medial intertransversarii lumborum
O-I: L1-L4 mamillary + accessory processes
Spinalis
Thoracic:
O: T10-L3 spinous process
I: T8-T2 spinous process
Cervicis:
O: C6-T2 spinous process
I: C4-C2 spinous process
Rotatores thoracic, cervicis, lumborum
brevis:
O:transverse process
I: spinous process above
Longi:
O: transverse process
I: spinous process 2x above
Multifidus lumborum, thoracic, cervicis
O: sacrum, maxillary process, transverse process
I: spinous process 2-4x above
Semispinalis
thoracic:
O: transverse process
I: T6-T12 spinous process
cervicic:
O: thoracic transverse process
I: C3-C7 spinous process
Capitis:
O: C3-T6 transverse process
I: between sup. and inf. nuchal line
Lumbar region
BORDERS:
- sup: transverse line through inferior angle of scapula
- lat: vertical line along lateral border of abdomen
- inf: iliac crest
- med: vertical line between spinous processes
SKIN INNERVATION:
- dermatome innervation (dorsal cutaneous T7-L3)
Triangle of Petit
- a weak point of wall ⇒ herniation BORDERS: - sup: latissimus dorsi - lat: external oblique muscle - inf: iliac crest - floor: internal oblique muscle
Auscultatory triangle
- absence of muscles⇒ respiratory sounds BORDERS: - sup: trapezius - inf: latissimus dorsi - lat: scapula
