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Neurosci Exam 3 > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

The thalamus is the largest component of _

A

Diencephalon

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2
Q

The thalamus is a key interface between the cortex and brain stem. All sensory information synapses at the thalamus except_ (3)

A

Olfactory information
Emotional aspects of pain
Visceral sensation

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3
Q

The major function of the thalamus is to

A

Determine the level and content of conciousness

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4
Q

Motor and sensory deficits, aphasia, memory problems. altered personality and social skills, altered arousal are all symptoms of

A

Thalamic lesions (They barely affect a single nuclei, widespread effects)

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5
Q

While the two halves of the thalamus are separated by _, a bridge of tissue called _ joins the two halves

A

3rd ventricle

Massa intermedia / interthalamic adhesion

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6
Q

The dorsal and anterior border of the thalamus are _ and _

A

Floor of lateral ventricles

Foramen of monroe

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7
Q

The Ventral border of the thalamus is the _ which separates the thalamus from _

A

hypothalamic sulcus

hypothalamus

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8
Q

The lateral border of the thalamus is _. This separate the thalamus from the posterior limb of _

A

External medullary lamina

Internal capsule

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9
Q

The mid-brain diancephalic boundary is an imaginary line between what 2 structures

A

Mamillary bodies

Posterior commisure

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10
Q

The two components of the metathalamus are _

A

Medial geniculate body

Lateral geniculate body

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11
Q

Among the anterior and posterior groups of the thalamic nuclei, the motor nuclei are more _ and the sensory nuclei are more _ (anterior/posterior)

A

Motor -Anterior

Sensory - Posterior

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12
Q

The internal medullary lamina separates the _ from the _

A

mediodorsal nucleus

lateral dorsal nucleus

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13
Q

3 examples of midline nuclei are the

A

Paraventricular n
Rhomboid n
Reuniens n

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14
Q

The 2 major characteristics of specific thalamic nuclei are

A

Reciprocal connections with cerebral cortex

Maintenance of input spatial organization

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15
Q

The 4 sensory specific nuclei are

A

Medial geniculate n
Lateral geniculate n
Ventral posterior medial
Ventral posterior lateral

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16
Q

The 2 motor specific nuclei are

A

Ventral anterior

Ventral lateral

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17
Q

The 2 association specific nuclei are

A

Mediodorsal nuclei

Pulvinar

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18
Q

The 2 limbic specific nuclei are

A

Anterior group

Lateral dorsal nucleus

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19
Q

The 2 non-specific thalamic nuclei are

A

Intralaminar n

Midline n

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20
Q

The 3 major characteristic of non-specific nuclei are

A

Diffuse and multimodal sensory input
Diffuse non reciprocal connections with cortex
Strong input from reticular formation

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21
Q

The basal ganglia reciprocally innervates both the intralaminar and midline nuclei. Of these 2, which receives the more extensive input?

A

Intralaminar

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22
Q

This sensory specific nucleus receives somatosensory input from the face. It is also reciprocally connected with the face area of the post-central gyrus

A

VPM

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23
Q

This specific nucleus receives inputs from mesencephalic taste relays (from NTS) and is reciprocally connected with the insula (gustatory area)

A

VPMpc (parvocellular)

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24
Q

This specific nucleus receives somatosensory information from the limb and trunk (spinothalamic and DCML). It is reciprocally connected with the non-face areas of the post central gyrus

A

VPL

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25
Q

This specific nucleus relays visceral information to the insula

A

Medial VPL

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26
Q

Vestibular information is transmitted to the inferior parietal lobule by this nucleus

A

VPI

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27
Q

This nucleus receives visual inputs from the optic nerve and tract. Specifically _ temporal retina and _ nasal retina (contraleral / ipsilateral)

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus
Ipsilateral temporal
Contralateral nasal

28
Q

What layers do the nasal retina information land on?

What layers do the temporal retina information land on?

A

1,4,6

2,3,5

29
Q

The LGN is reciprocally connected with _

A

Primary visual areas on the banks of the calcarine fissure

30
Q

This specific sensory nucleus receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus. It is reciprocally connected with _ in the _ lobe

A

Medial geniculate
Heschl’s gyrus
Temporal lobe

31
Q

The VA (motor specific nucleus) receives inhibitory input from _

A

Ipsilateral basal ganglia

32
Q

Medial VA receives input from the _. It is reciprocally connected with _ (4)

A 
Substancia nigra 
Premotor Cortex
Frontal Eye fields
Cingulate Cortex
Parietal Cortex
33
Q

The major function of the medial VA is _

A

eye, head and neck movements

34
Q

The lateral VA receives inputs from _. It is connected with _

A

Globus pallidus

Limb and trunk regions of premotor cortex

35
Q

The VL (specific motor nucleus) receives inputs from the _ via the deep nuclei. A name for this pathway is _

A

Crossed cerebellar output

Dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway

36
Q

The VL is reciprocally connected with _

A

Primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus

37
Q

Basal ganglia disease is expressed _, Cerebella disease is expressed _ (ipsiateral, contralateral)

A

Contralateral

Ispilateral (because corticospinal fibers cross)

38
Q

The mediodorsal nucleus (association specific) is reciprocally connected with which 2 cortices?

A

Frontal

Orbital

39
Q

Lesions affecting the mediodorsal nucleus (association specific) result in ?

A

Apathy
Memory changes
Difficulry switching tasks

40
Q

The pulvinar (association specific nucleus) is reciprocally connected with _

A

Second order sensory and multimodal association corticies in

  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital lobes

Also cingulate and frontal cortices

41
Q

Pulvinar lesions affect (3)

A

language processing
Visual perception
Pain perception

42
Q

The major function of the association domains is to _

A

Integrate sensory information from various sensory domains

43
Q

The anterior group (limbic specific) receives inputs from the _ through the fornix and mamillary bodies. This pathway is called _

A

Parahippocamal region

Mammillothalamic tract

44
Q

The anterior group is reciprocally connected with _

A

Cingulate gyrus

45
Q

The laterodorsal group receives inputd from the _. It is reciprocally connected with the _

A

Parahippocampal region

retrosplenial cortex

46
Q

As a group, the anterior group, lateral group, mammilary bodies, fornix, MTT and cingulate and retrosplenial cortices function as a _. Their function is disrupted in what disease?

A

Neural system for spatial and context dependent memory

- Alcoholism, Korsakoff’s syndrome

47
Q

The midline group project diffusely to the _ and _ via specific nuclei

A

Cortex

Striatum

48
Q

Pain related information to the midline nuclei arrive from _

A

PAG

49
Q

The midline nonspecifi nuclei receive the stringest inputs from what 2 systems?

A

LC - noradrenalin

Midbrain raphe - 5HT

50
Q

The major funtion of the midine nonspecific nuclei is

A

General cortical arousal

51
Q

The nonspecific ontralaminar nucleius is reciprocally connected with _

A

striatal portions of basal ganglia

52
Q

The nonspecific ontralaminar nucleus receives strong cholinergic inputs from _

A

ARAS

53
Q

Lesion of the centromedial nucleus of the nonspecific intralaminar nuclei result in _

A

Unilateral motor neglect

54
Q

Concious awareness requires synchronous activity between _ and _

A

Cortical region

Related thalamic nucleus

55
Q

Thalamic nuclei contain 2 types of neurons, _ and _

A

Thalamocortical

Inhibitory interneuron

56
Q

Local synchronous activity is acheived by _

A

Thalamocortical neurons to localized area of cortex and returning corticothalamic neuron

57
Q

Global synchrony is achieved by _

A

Corticothalamic neuron returning to thalamus to activate widespread thalamocortical neuron

58
Q

The reticular nucleus (TRN) functions to _ (2)

A

allow greater awareness of particular stimuli

Change the level of conciousness between sleep and waking

59
Q

The TRN consists entirely of _ types of neurons. All neurons between _ and _ cross it

A

GABAergic
Cortex
Thalamus

60
Q

In _ mode, information from the thalamus cannot reach cortex. A switch to _ mode changes this. This is mediated by the _

A

Burst mode
Tonic mode
TRN

61
Q

The TRN receives cholinergic innervation from the _

A

ARAS

62
Q

During sleep, most thalamocortical neurons are in _ mode. During wakefulness, select neurons are now in _ mode.

A

Burst

Tonic

63
Q

Contralateral Sensory loss secondary to thalamic lesion. What nuclei are responsibly for the following findings?
hemianesthesia
hemihypoacusis
hemianopsia / quadrantopsia

A

hemianesthesia - VPL/VPM
hemihypoacusis - MGN
hemianopsia / quadrantopsia - LGN

64
Q

Loss of movement involving the thalamus (hemiparesis) would likely involve which nuclei? (2)

A

VA

VL

65
Q

Memory impairment involving the thalamus would likely involve which nuclei?

A 
Anterior group (mediodorsal)
Pulvinar
66
Q

Altered pain perception involving the thalamus can include _ (3). A syndrome name for this is?

A

Hemianesthesia
Dysethesia (unplesant sensation to light tough)
Hyperpathia (Painful reaction to minor stim)
Dejerine-Roussy syndrome

Neurosci Exam 3 (10 decks)

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