Hypothalamus 1 Flashcards
The major function of the hypothalamus is to
maintain homeostasis based on set points
The hypothalamus receives inputs (4, generic)
Blood, CSF, viscera and skin
What are hypothalamic signs
Altered endocrine and autonomic function
The anterior and posterior borders of the hypothalamus are _ and _
anterior - lamina terminalis
posterior - line between mamillary bodies and posterior commissure
The hyothalamus is split into medial and lateral zones by the _
fornix
The preoptic nucleus functions to _
Integrate sensory info, thermoregulation, salt and water intake, sleep
The paraventricular nucleus functions in _
Glucoregulation
The supraoptic nucleus functions in
Osmoregulation, releases ADH
The suprachiasmatic nucleus functions in
Generates circadian rhythms
The sexually dimorphic nucleus functions in
Male / female differences, sexual orientation, thermoregulation
The Arcuate nucleus functions in
Feeding behavior, one of the tuberal nuclei
What are the tuberal nuclei
Lateral Hypothalamus Ventromedial nucleus Dorsomedial Nucleus tuberomamillary nucleus Arcuate nucleus
Activation of the lateral hypothalamus leads to _ behavior
feeding
The ventromedial nucleus regulates _
satiety
The dorsomedial nucleus integrates _ (3)
growth
feeding
maturation
The tuberomamillary nucleus provides all the _ to the CNS
Histamine
The fornix is a hypothalamic output. It connects _ to _
What disease is it affected by?
mamillary bodies to hippocampus
Degenerates in Korsakoff’s syndrome (alcoholism)
The mamillotegmental and mamillothalamic tracts (hypothalamic output) connect the hypothalamus to _ and _
Dorsal midbrain
Anterior thalamus
The medial forebrain bundle (hypothalamic output) connect the hypothalamus to _ and to _ (4 total)
brainstem
amygdala
cerebral cortex
The Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract consists of _ and _
Infundibulum
Pituitary Stalk
Axons from the paraventricular nucleus end in the _
posterior pituitary
The main symptom of the damaged optic chiasm is _
Bitemporal hemianopsia (tunnel vision)
The 4 main neural inputs to the hypothalamus are _
Retina (to suprachiamatic nucleus)
Olfactory system
Spinothalamic Inputs (Thermal and pain via spinohypothalamic tract)
Viscerosensory Input
The hypothalamic chemosensory neurons sense _ (4)
glucose
osmolality
long chain FAs
temperature
The hypothalamus has _ types of receptors expressed on its neurons
Steroid hormone
The 3 components of the circomventricular organs that allow BBB sampling are _ . What are their functions?
Subfornical Organ (CSF, Ang II) VOLT (osmolality) Median eminence (how hormones, peptides reach hypothalamus)
The hypothalamus has 4 main outputs to _
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Preganglionic Autonomic Afferents
Pattern generators
The functions of the anterior pituitary are controlled by __ made in the _ neurons
releasing hormones
Parvocellular neurons
Releasing hormones reach the anterior pituitary via the _
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (via median eminence)
The _ neurons of the posterior pituitary make _ and _
Magnocellular neurons
ADH
Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary axons travel the _ tract via the _ and release their contents directly into fenestrated capillaries
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal
Infundibulum
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal lesions result in _
weak urine, no ADH
The hypothalamus connects with the brainstem via the _
Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
The hypothalamospinal pathway travels in the _
Central tegmental tract
