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Neurosci Exam 3 > Hypothalamus 1 > Flashcards

Hypothalamus 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The major function of the hypothalamus is to

A

maintain homeostasis based on set points

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2
Q

The hypothalamus receives inputs (4, generic)

A

Blood, CSF, viscera and skin

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3
Q

What are hypothalamic signs

A

Altered endocrine and autonomic function

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4
Q

The anterior and posterior borders of the hypothalamus are _ and _

A

anterior - lamina terminalis

posterior - line between mamillary bodies and posterior commissure

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5
Q

The hyothalamus is split into medial and lateral zones by the _

A

fornix

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6
Q

The preoptic nucleus functions to _

A

Integrate sensory info, thermoregulation, salt and water intake, sleep

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7
Q

The paraventricular nucleus functions in _

A

Glucoregulation

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8
Q

The supraoptic nucleus functions in

A

Osmoregulation, releases ADH

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9
Q

The suprachiasmatic nucleus functions in

A

Generates circadian rhythms

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10
Q

The sexually dimorphic nucleus functions in

A

Male / female differences, sexual orientation, thermoregulation

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11
Q

The Arcuate nucleus functions in

A

Feeding behavior, one of the tuberal nuclei

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12
Q

What are the tuberal nuclei

A 
Lateral Hypothalamus
Ventromedial nucleus
Dorsomedial Nucleus 
tuberomamillary nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
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13
Q

Activation of the lateral hypothalamus leads to _ behavior

A

feeding

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14
Q

The ventromedial nucleus regulates _

A

satiety

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15
Q

The dorsomedial nucleus integrates _ (3)

A

growth
feeding
maturation

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16
Q

The tuberomamillary nucleus provides all the _ to the CNS

A

Histamine

17
Q

The fornix is a hypothalamic output. It connects _ to _

What disease is it affected by?

A

mamillary bodies to hippocampus

Degenerates in Korsakoff’s syndrome (alcoholism)

18
Q

The mamillotegmental and mamillothalamic tracts (hypothalamic output) connect the hypothalamus to _ and _

A

Dorsal midbrain

Anterior thalamus

19
Q

The medial forebrain bundle (hypothalamic output) connect the hypothalamus to _ and to _ (4 total)

A

brainstem
amygdala
cerebral cortex

20
Q

The Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract consists of _ and _

A

Infundibulum

Pituitary Stalk

21
Q

Axons from the paraventricular nucleus end in the _

A

posterior pituitary

22
Q

The main symptom of the damaged optic chiasm is _

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia (tunnel vision)

23
Q

The 4 main neural inputs to the hypothalamus are _

A

Retina (to suprachiamatic nucleus)
Olfactory system
Spinothalamic Inputs (Thermal and pain via spinohypothalamic tract)
Viscerosensory Input

24
Q

The hypothalamic chemosensory neurons sense _ (4)

A

glucose
osmolality
long chain FAs
temperature

25
Q

The hypothalamus has _ types of receptors expressed on its neurons

A

Steroid hormone

26
Q

The 3 components of the circomventricular organs that allow BBB sampling are _ . What are their functions?

A 
Subfornical Organ (CSF, Ang II)
VOLT (osmolality)
Median eminence (how hormones, peptides reach hypothalamus)
27
Q

The hypothalamus has 4 main outputs to _

A

Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Preganglionic Autonomic Afferents
Pattern generators

28
Q

The functions of the anterior pituitary are controlled by __ made in the _ neurons

A

releasing hormones

Parvocellular neurons

29
Q

Releasing hormones reach the anterior pituitary via the _

A

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (via median eminence)

30
Q

The _ neurons of the posterior pituitary make _ and _

A

Magnocellular neurons
ADH
Oxytocin

31
Q

Posterior pituitary axons travel the _ tract via the _ and release their contents directly into fenestrated capillaries

A

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal

Infundibulum

32
Q

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal lesions result in _

A

weak urine, no ADH

33
Q

The hypothalamus connects with the brainstem via the _

A

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

34
Q

The hypothalamospinal pathway travels in the _

A

Central tegmental tract

Neurosci Exam 3 (10 decks)

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