Cerebral Cortex 1

Question 1

Clinco-anatomical correlation refers to

Answer 1

Correlation of premortem signs with lesions observed during autopsy

Question 2

The first attempts to match cortical localization with function involed _ (person) and _ (movement)

Answer 2

Franz Gall

Phrenology

Question 3

The matching of skull irregularities to underlying function is the basis of which movement?

Answer 3

Phrenology

Question 4

What was the location of Broca’s patient’s lesion? (3)

Answer 4

Inferior frontal convolutions
Pars triangularis
Opercularis

Question 5

A lesion involving the following 3 areas will result in what clinical finding?
Inferior frontal convolutions
Pars triangularis
Opercularis

Answer 5

Inability to find / form words (Broca’s area)

Question 6

Majority of behaviors involve single neural areas working in isolation (T/F)

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What types of cells are characterized as follows?

• Large apical dendrite
• Horizontal running basal dendrites
• Large Axon from soma base

Answer 7

Pyramidal cells

Question 8

The most common cell type in the cerebral cortex is _

Answer 8

Pyramidal cell

Question 9

Pyramidal cells (which consist of all projection neurons) are found in which cell layers?

Answer 9

All but layer 1

Question 10

Stellate, Chandelier, Aspiny, Spiny and Basket cells refer to what type of cell?

Answer 10

Granule Cells

Question 11

What are the names of granule cells in the following cell layers
III - (1)
IV - (2)
III and V (1)

Answer 11

Chandelier
Spiny and Aspiny
Basket cells

Question 12

he major function of granule cells are as _. They are largely _ in nature

Answer 12

Interneurons

Inhibitory

Question 13

What are the six layer names within the cortex?

Answer 13

Plexiform
Outer granular 
Outer pyramidal
Inner granular 
Inner pyramidal 
Multiform

Question 14

The band of Baillerger are a layer of horizontal fibers contained within what cortical layers?

Answer 14

IV and V

Question 15

A major charactistic of cells within columns are?

Answer 15

Functionally linked - Same receptive field and sensory modality

Question 16

The corpus callosum links the entire left and right cortex (except the temporal pole). From what cortical layer do corpus callosum neurons arise? What are they called?

Answer 16

Layer III

Interhemispheric neurons

Question 17

The temporal poles of both hemispheres are connected by what structure?

Answer 17

Anterior Commisure

Question 18

Long association neurons connect _. They arise from what layers?

Answer 18

Connect lobes

Layers III and V

Question 19

Short association axons connect _. They arise from what layer?

Answer 19

Gyri

Layer II

Question 20

Local intrinsic axons connect what?

Answer 20

Layers

Question 21

Local circuit acons typically connect _? What is unique about their neurotransmission?

Answer 21

Connect columns

Usually peptidergic

Question 22

The following corticofugal axons arise from what layers?
Corticothalamic
Corticobulbar and corticospinal
Corticostriate and corticopontine

Answer 22

Layer VI
Layers III and V
Layer V

Question 23

Corticopetal axons refer to _

Answer 23

Axons coursing towards the cortex

Question 24

All cortical neurons are formed by _

Answer 24

The first half of gestation

Question 25

The telencephalic neural tube consists of (2)

Answer 25

Plexiform zone | Matrix / ventricular zone

Question 26

The matrix /ventricular zone refers to _

Answer 26

A layer of neuroblast adjacent to the lateral ventricle

Question 27

Neuroblast migration into the plexiform zone is triggered by _

Answer 27

arrival of noradrenergic axons

Question 28

A total of _ migration waves occur. Each wave results in _

Answer 28

Five | neuroblasts forming successive cortical layers closer to the pia

Question 29

The oldest and only acellular layer in the cortex is _

Answer 29

Layer 1

Question 30

The ependymal lining of of the lateral ventricle is formed by _

Answer 30

Neuroblasts left in the matrix zone

Question 31

Organize the six layers according to age (oldest to youngest)

Answer 31

Layer 1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2

Question 32

The formation of gyri and sulci results from _

Answer 32

Differential intracortical forces

Question 33

A theory regarding the formation of gyri and sulci postulates _

Answer 33

Somes layers are more densly packed, develop faster, leading to buckling

Question 34

Polymicrogria refers to _. What is the cause? How are the cells layers arranged?

Answer 34

Many small gyri Abberant migration Poorly

Question 35

Lissencephaly refers to _. what cell layer is absent? What cell layer is reduced?

Answer 35

Smooth brain Layer 2 absent Layer 3 and 4 reduced

Question 36

The gene associated with lissencephaly is makes _

Answer 36

Proteins that interact with microtubules

Question 37

A milder form of lissencephaly is _

Answer 37

Pachygyria

Question 38

Displaced cortical layers in what brain area is associated with dyslexia?

Answer 38

Wernicke's area

Question 39

Small nests of incorrectly positioned cortical neurons are referred to as _. These cell bodies may sometimes be surrounded by _

Answer 39

Ectopic foci | White matter