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Neurosci Exam 3 > Cerebral Cortex 1 > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinco-anatomical correlation refers to

A

Correlation of premortem signs with lesions observed during autopsy

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2
Q

The first attempts to match cortical localization with function involed _ (person) and _ (movement)

A

Franz Gall

Phrenology

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3
Q

The matching of skull irregularities to underlying function is the basis of which movement?

A

Phrenology

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4
Q

What was the location of Broca’s patient’s lesion? (3)

A

Inferior frontal convolutions
Pars triangularis
Opercularis

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5
Q

A lesion involving the following 3 areas will result in what clinical finding?
Inferior frontal convolutions
Pars triangularis
Opercularis

A

Inability to find / form words (Broca’s area)

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6
Q

Majority of behaviors involve single neural areas working in isolation (T/F)

A

False

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7
Q

What types of cells are characterized as follows?

  • Large apical dendrite
  • Horizontal running basal dendrites
  • Large Axon from soma base
A

Pyramidal cells

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8
Q

The most common cell type in the cerebral cortex is _

A

Pyramidal cell

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9
Q

Pyramidal cells (which consist of all projection neurons) are found in which cell layers?

A

All but layer 1

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10
Q

Stellate, Chandelier, Aspiny, Spiny and Basket cells refer to what type of cell?

A

Granule Cells

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11
Q

What are the names of granule cells in the following cell layers
III - (1)
IV - (2)
III and V (1)

A

Chandelier
Spiny and Aspiny
Basket cells

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12
Q

he major function of granule cells are as _. They are largely _ in nature

A

Interneurons

Inhibitory

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13
Q

What are the six layer names within the cortex?

A 
Plexiform
Outer granular 
Outer pyramidal
Inner granular 
Inner pyramidal 
Multiform
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14
Q

The band of Baillerger are a layer of horizontal fibers contained within what cortical layers?

A

IV and V

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15
Q

A major charactistic of cells within columns are?

A

Functionally linked - Same receptive field and sensory modality

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16
Q

The corpus callosum links the entire left and right cortex (except the temporal pole). From what cortical layer do corpus callosum neurons arise? What are they called?

A

Layer III

Interhemispheric neurons

17
Q

The temporal poles of both hemispheres are connected by what structure?

A

Anterior Commisure

18
Q

Long association neurons connect _. They arise from what layers?

A

Connect lobes

Layers III and V

19
Q

Short association axons connect _. They arise from what layer?

A

Gyri

Layer II

20
Q

Local intrinsic axons connect what?

A

Layers

21
Q

Local circuit acons typically connect _? What is unique about their neurotransmission?

A

Connect columns

Usually peptidergic

22
Q

The following corticofugal axons arise from what layers?
Corticothalamic
Corticobulbar and corticospinal
Corticostriate and corticopontine

A

Layer VI
Layers III and V
Layer V

23
Q

Corticopetal axons refer to _

A

Axons coursing towards the cortex

24
Q

All cortical neurons are formed by _

A

The first half of gestation

25
Q

The telencephalic neural tube consists of (2)

A

Plexiform zone

Matrix / ventricular zone

26
Q

The matrix /ventricular zone refers to _

A

A layer of neuroblast adjacent to the lateral ventricle

27
Q

Neuroblast migration into the plexiform zone is triggered by _

A

arrival of noradrenergic axons

28
Q

A total of _ migration waves occur. Each wave results in _

A

Five

neuroblasts forming successive cortical layers closer to the pia

29
Q

The oldest and only acellular layer in the cortex is _

A

Layer 1

30
Q

The ependymal lining of of the lateral ventricle is formed by _

A

Neuroblasts left in the matrix zone

31
Q

Organize the six layers according to age (oldest to youngest)

A

Layer 1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2

32
Q

The formation of gyri and sulci results from _

A

Differential intracortical forces

33
Q

A theory regarding the formation of gyri and sulci postulates _

A

Somes layers are more densly packed, develop faster, leading to buckling

34
Q

Polymicrogria refers to _. What is the cause? How are the cells layers arranged?

A

Many small gyri
Abberant migration
Poorly

35
Q

Lissencephaly refers to _. what cell layer is absent? What cell layer is reduced?

A

Smooth brain
Layer 2 absent
Layer 3 and 4 reduced

36
Q

The gene associated with lissencephaly is makes _

A

Proteins that interact with microtubules

37
Q

A milder form of lissencephaly is _

A

Pachygyria

38
Q

Displaced cortical layers in what brain area is associated with dyslexia?

A

Wernicke’s area

39
Q

Small nests of incorrectly positioned cortical neurons are referred to as _. These cell bodies may sometimes be surrounded by _

A

Ectopic foci

White matter

Neurosci Exam 3 (10 decks)

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