Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurosci Exam 3 > Hypothalamus 2 > Flashcards

Hypothalamus 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The main pattern generator of thermogenesis is the _

A

N. raphe pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heat sensitive neurons in the _ inhibit the RPa (warm response)

A

medial preoptic area of anterior hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cold sensitive neurons in the _ activate the RPa (cold response)

A

Posterior hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medial Preoptic area (MPOA) uses _ neurotransmitter to inhibit _ and _ during the warm response via the _ nucleus

A

GABA
dorsomedial / posterior hypothalamus
RPa
paraventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cool sensitive neurons are located in the _ and _. These excite _ in the cool response

A

Dorsomedial hypothalamus
Posterior Hypothalamus
RPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lesions affecting the anterior hypothalamus lead to _

Lesions affecting the posterior hypothalamus lead to _

A

hyperthermia

Matching ambient temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During fever, MPOA neurons contain _ receptors inhibited by _ made in capillary walls. This results in raising the set point

A

EP3

Prostaglandin E2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The major function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is as _

A

Endogenous circadian oscillator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receives inputs from the _ via the _ tract

A

Photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

retinohypothalamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) projects extensively throughout the hypothalamus, true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pineal gland produces _. This production is inhibited by _

A

Melatonin

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Total melatonin _ with age

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Melatonin acts through the _ and _ receptors. These receptos inhibit insulin release, cortisol release

A

MT1 and MT2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_ disruption is implicated in jet lag, sleep disorder, SAD

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The _ is active during sleep. It is reciprocally connected with the _, which contains histamine release

A

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

Tuberomamillary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the Tuberomamillary nucleus (histamine) innervates the _, which is involved with arousal, as well as the entire cortex

A

ascending reticular activating system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A switch between the _ and _ create a switch between wakefulness and sleep state

A

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

Tuberomamillary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The VLPO is inhibited by GABA from the _ as well as _ from the locus coerulus and _ from serotonin from the _

A

Tuberomamillary nucleus
NE
median raphe n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Orexin neurons from the _ project to the _ (3) and maintain the “switch” in the awake position

A

Lateral hypothalamus
VLPO
TMN
ARAS

20
Q

Patients with narcolepsy have reduced amounts of

A

orexin

21
Q

Lesions of the anterior hypothalamus lead to _

Lesions of the posterior hypothalamus lead to _

A

Insomnia

Sleepiness

22
Q

The major function of the _ is to generate appetite. This is done by _ containing neurons

A

Lateral hypothalamus

Orexin

23
Q

Motivation for eating behavior is generated by LH projections to the _

A

Basal forebrain

24
Q

The _ controls the LH via to competing output systems

A

Arcuate nucleus

25
Q

The arcuate nucleus uses _ to inhibit feeding. It then uses _ to promote feeding

A

POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin)

NPY

26
Q

POMC inhibits the LH by acting on _ receptors. Mutation of these receptors have been implicated in obesity

A

Melanocortin (MC4R)

27
Q

NPY is able to block the actions of POMC on _ receptors, as well as directly inhibit _ neurons using GABA

A

Melanocortin (MC4R)

POMC

28
Q

POMC and NPY project to the _ to control pituitary hormone release, autonomics and visceral afferents related to feeding

A

Paraventricular nucleus

29
Q

Short term humoral signals are 2 fold.

_ (hunger hormone) is produced by _ and _. Its levels drop after an adequate meal. It is excitatory to NPY neurons

A

Ghrelin
Stomach
Pancreas

30
Q

Short term humoral signals are 2 fold.

_ is made in the duodenum. It is excitatory to POMC, suppressing feeding

A

CCK

31
Q

The long term feeding signals to the hypothalamus are _ (3)

A

Leptin - excites POMC
Insulin
Monoamines (NE and 5HT)

32
Q

The major neuron regulating satiety is the _. It functions by activating _ neurons. The strength of these inputs diminish with feeding

A

Ventromedial nucleus

POMC

33
Q

Lesions of the ventromedial nucleus result in _

A

Uncontrollable eating

34
Q

LH lesions lead to _. Lesions to the medial hypothalamus lead to _

A

abolished eating

uncontrollable eating and drinking

35
Q

Anorexia, forced starvation, has been associated with reduced levels of this “hunger hormone”

A

Ghrelin

36
Q

Volumetric Thirst activate _ which in turn cause ADH release from the supraoptic and _ nucleus

A

MPOA

Paraventricular

37
Q

Angiotensin II is detected by the _ of the hypothalamus, which in turn cause ADH release from the paraventricular and _ nucleus

A

subfornical organ

supraoptic

38
Q

Osmotic thirst is detected by _, leading to increased salt appetite

A

VOLT - vascular organ of the lamina terminalis

39
Q

Destruction of the anterior hypothalamus leads to _

A

Loss of drinking desire

40
Q

The hypothalamus can directly modulate the baroreflex by acting on _

A

RVLM

41
Q

The hypothalamus modulates reproductive milestones by acting on the _.

A

Anterior Pituitary

42
Q

Onset of reproductive milestones depend on (3)

A

body mass
light cycles
Stress

43
Q

Sexual behaviors are driven by projections of _ neurons of the Arcuate n. to the _

A

POMC

MPOA

44
Q

Arcuate n. sends dopaminergic projections to the _ via the tubero-infundubular tract to inhibit _ release

A

median eminence

prolactin

45
Q

Medial hypothalamus lesions lead to _ . Ventromedial hypothalamus lesions lead to _ and _

A

Curbed desires and paraphilias

Hunger and rage

46
Q

High levels of circulating _ are associated with impotence and low libido

A

Prolactin

Neurosci Exam 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions