Basal Forebrain and Ventral Striatum Flashcards
The basal forebrain is _ to the hypothalamus, and _ to the putamen, GP and anterior commissur
lateral
ventral
The two systems composing the basal forebrain are
ventral striatopallidal system
basal magnocellular corticopetal system
The ventral striatopallidal system is the interface between _ and _
limbic and motor system
hypothalamus
The major function of the ventral striatopallidal system is _
Appetitive motor behavior based on positive reward
Drugs of abuse affect _, leading to addiction
ventral striatopallidal system (dopaminergic system)
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system has 2 types of neurons
Cholinergic
GABAergic
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system controls arousal and memory consolidation by innervating which 3 structures?
cortex
amygdala
hippocampus
Alzheimers disease leads to a decline in the number of neurons within which forebrain system
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system
The striatal region of the striatopallidal region consists of the (4) structures
nucleus accumbens
olfactory tubercule
ventral part of putamen
head of the caudate
The striatal region of the striatopallidal region consists of what types of neurons?
GABA medium spiny neurons
The Pallidal region of the striatopallidal region is ventral to what structure? The anterior commisure separates it from what structure
Ventral striatum
anterior commisure
The Pallidal region of the striatopallidal region contains what types of neurons?
GABA multipolar neurons
The ventral striatum receives inputs from what 5 structures?
Limbic corticies Hippocampus Amygdala Midline Thalamic n. (paraventricular) Lateral hypothalamus
What is the source of ventral striatum dopaminergic inputs? (2)
Substancia nigra, PC
VTA
The VTA receives heavy input from orexin neurons of the _ and provides dopamine to various areas that input into the ventral striatum as part of the _ system
Lateral hypothalamus
mesocortocolimbic dopamine system
Positive reward activate neurons of the _ and _
Substancia nigra, PC
VTA
The mesocortocolimbic dopamine system travels in what hypothalamic bundle?
Medial forebrain bundle
The 2 output areas of the ventral striatum are _ and _. Indirect outputs are via _ and _
ventral pallidum
substancia nigra, pr
medial subthalamic n
Lateral hypothalamus
Ventral striatum direct outputs are _ while indirect outputs are _
inhibitory
excitatory
The ventral pallidum and SNpr send pallidothalamic and nigrothalamic projections to the _
mediodorsal thalamic nuclei
The mediodorsal thalamic nuclei innervate the _ (3) cortices
Orbital
Frontal
Cingulate
The ventral striatum regulates dopamine release in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and amygdala by innervating what structure?
SNpc
Lateral hypothalamus neurons innervate what 4 structures?
Accumbens
Paraventricular thalamic nuclei
Amygdala
VTA
Food and drug rewards are strongly linked to what area of the hypothalamus?
Lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons
Rewards, as well as reward predictive cues cause release of _? This molecule stamps in goal directed rewards,
Dopamine
While dopamine is concerned with “wanting”, what group of molecules in concerned with liking?
Opioids
The inputs to the lateral habenula are from (3)
preoptic area
ventral pallidum
lateral hypothalamus
The outputs of the habenula are to the (2). Here, they inhibit dopamine release, and stamp in _ experiences
SNpc
VTA
unpleasant, non-reward
Damage to the ventral striatopallidal system are associated with _ and _
Psychoses
Drug addiction
Depression is associated with reduced motivated behavior. This is associated with increased activity in _(3)
Prefrontal cortex
Orbital cortex
Ventral Striatum
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is associated with dysfuntion of dopamine in what system?
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine system
Hallucinations and delusions are associated with increased activity in _ and _ , and decreased activity in _
Ventral Striatum
Parahippocampal region
Orbitofrontal cortex
Typical and atypical neuroleptic drugs act on _
n. accumbens
Amphetamines and cocaine acquire reinforcing properties greater than food.
True
Heroin, nicotine and alcohol have DA dependent effects via what system? DA independent effects via what area?
Mesolimbinc dopaminergic system
n. accumbens
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system consists of which 2 types of neurotransmitters?
Cholinergic
Gaba-ergic
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system cholinergic neurons from 3 populations from medial to lateral. They are
medial septum
horizontal diagonal band
n. basalis of maynert
Gaba-ergic neurons form more / less discrete clusters and outnumber cholinergic neurons 2:1
More
The cholinergic outputs of the basal magnocellular corticopetal system are as follows:
medial septum/vertical diagonal band to _
horizontal diagonal band to _
n. basalis group to _
hippocampus
olfactory bulb
cerebral cortex
The cholinergic outputs of the basal magnocellular corticopetal system are the major source of Ach to _ (3)
hippocampus
olfactory bulb
cerebral cortex
Ach from the basal magnocellular corticopetal system supply what layers of the cortex? GABA from the basal magnocellular corticopetal system supply what neuron population?
All layers
Inhibitory cortical neurons
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system receives inputs from what 4 cortices? What population does this excitatory input reach?
Orbitofrontal Cingulate Temporal Parahippocampal Only the GABAergic magnocellular neurons
The basal magnocellular corticopetal system receives inhibitory inputs from what 2 areas? These contact what neuronal population?
Ventral putamen
n. accumbens
Only Cholinergic inputs
The amygdala provides _ input to the basal magnocellular neurons? (Excitatory/Inhib)
The LC, via NE, provides _ input to the basal magnocellular neurons? (Excitatory/Inhib)
Inhibitory
Excitatory
The 3 major functions of the basal magnocellular system are _ what?
What neurotransmitter mediates these functions?
Cortical arousal
Selective attention
Modulating cortical plasticity
Ach
The major influence over cholinergic neurons is inhibitory input from what structure? This structure receives increased DA release, disinhibiting cholinergic neurons in the cortex`
n. accumbens
Reduced Ach is associated with _
Increased Ach is associated wih _
Impaired sustained attention
Hypervigilance and learning induced synaptic plasticity
Alzheimer Disease is associated with loss _, resulting in difficulty forming new memories
basal magnocellular cholinergic neurons
What causes the hypervigilance and inappropriate focus seen in schizophrenic patients
Dopamine induced disinhibition of cholinergic neurons
Smoking increases cortical Ach receptors. A side effect of nicotine withdrawal is _
Poor concentration
