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Neurosci Exam 3 > Basal Forebrain and Ventral Striatum > Flashcards

Basal Forebrain and Ventral Striatum Flashcards

1
Q

The basal forebrain is _ to the hypothalamus, and _ to the putamen, GP and anterior commissur

A

lateral

ventral

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2
Q

The two systems composing the basal forebrain are

A

ventral striatopallidal system

basal magnocellular corticopetal system

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3
Q

The ventral striatopallidal system is the interface between _ and _

A

limbic and motor system

hypothalamus

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4
Q

The major function of the ventral striatopallidal system is _

A

Appetitive motor behavior based on positive reward

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5
Q

Drugs of abuse affect _, leading to addiction

A

ventral striatopallidal system (dopaminergic system)

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6
Q

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system has 2 types of neurons

A

Cholinergic

GABAergic

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7
Q

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system controls arousal and memory consolidation by innervating which 3 structures?

A

cortex
amygdala
hippocampus

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8
Q

Alzheimers disease leads to a decline in the number of neurons within which forebrain system

A

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system

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9
Q

The striatal region of the striatopallidal region consists of the (4) structures

A

nucleus accumbens
olfactory tubercule
ventral part of putamen
head of the caudate

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10
Q

The striatal region of the striatopallidal region consists of what types of neurons?

A

GABA medium spiny neurons

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11
Q

The Pallidal region of the striatopallidal region is ventral to what structure? The anterior commisure separates it from what structure

A

Ventral striatum

anterior commisure

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12
Q

The Pallidal region of the striatopallidal region contains what types of neurons?

A

GABA multipolar neurons

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13
Q

The ventral striatum receives inputs from what 5 structures?

A 
Limbic corticies
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Midline Thalamic n. (paraventricular)
Lateral hypothalamus
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14
Q

What is the source of ventral striatum dopaminergic inputs? (2)

A

Substancia nigra, PC

VTA

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15
Q

The VTA receives heavy input from orexin neurons of the _ and provides dopamine to various areas that input into the ventral striatum as part of the _ system

A

Lateral hypothalamus

mesocortocolimbic dopamine system

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16
Q

Positive reward activate neurons of the _ and _

A

Substancia nigra, PC

VTA

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17
Q

The mesocortocolimbic dopamine system travels in what hypothalamic bundle?

A

Medial forebrain bundle

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18
Q

The 2 output areas of the ventral striatum are _ and _. Indirect outputs are via _ and _

A

ventral pallidum
substancia nigra, pr
medial subthalamic n
Lateral hypothalamus

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19
Q

Ventral striatum direct outputs are _ while indirect outputs are _

A

inhibitory

excitatory

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20
Q

The ventral pallidum and SNpr send pallidothalamic and nigrothalamic projections to the _

A

mediodorsal thalamic nuclei

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21
Q

The mediodorsal thalamic nuclei innervate the _ (3) cortices

A

Orbital
Frontal
Cingulate

22
Q

The ventral striatum regulates dopamine release in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and amygdala by innervating what structure?

A

SNpc

23
Q

Lateral hypothalamus neurons innervate what 4 structures?

A

Accumbens
Paraventricular thalamic nuclei
Amygdala
VTA

24
Q

Food and drug rewards are strongly linked to what area of the hypothalamus?

A

Lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons

25
Q

Rewards, as well as reward predictive cues cause release of _? This molecule stamps in goal directed rewards,

A

Dopamine

26
Q

While dopamine is concerned with “wanting”, what group of molecules in concerned with liking?

A

Opioids

27
Q

The inputs to the lateral habenula are from (3)

A

preoptic area
ventral pallidum
lateral hypothalamus

28
Q

The outputs of the habenula are to the (2). Here, they inhibit dopamine release, and stamp in _ experiences

A

SNpc
VTA
unpleasant, non-reward

29
Q

Damage to the ventral striatopallidal system are associated with _ and _

A

Psychoses

Drug addiction

30
Q

Depression is associated with reduced motivated behavior. This is associated with increased activity in _(3)

A

Prefrontal cortex
Orbital cortex
Ventral Striatum

31
Q

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is associated with dysfuntion of dopamine in what system?

A

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine system

32
Q

Hallucinations and delusions are associated with increased activity in _ and _ , and decreased activity in _

A

Ventral Striatum
Parahippocampal region
Orbitofrontal cortex

33
Q

Typical and atypical neuroleptic drugs act on _

A

n. accumbens

34
Q

Amphetamines and cocaine acquire reinforcing properties greater than food.

A

True

35
Q

Heroin, nicotine and alcohol have DA dependent effects via what system? DA independent effects via what area?

A

Mesolimbinc dopaminergic system

n. accumbens

36
Q

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system consists of which 2 types of neurotransmitters?

A

Cholinergic

Gaba-ergic

37
Q

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system cholinergic neurons from 3 populations from medial to lateral. They are

A

medial septum
horizontal diagonal band
n. basalis of maynert

38
Q

Gaba-ergic neurons form more / less discrete clusters and outnumber cholinergic neurons 2:1

A

More

39
Q

The cholinergic outputs of the basal magnocellular corticopetal system are as follows:
medial septum/vertical diagonal band to _
horizontal diagonal band to _
n. basalis group to _

A

hippocampus
olfactory bulb
cerebral cortex

40
Q

The cholinergic outputs of the basal magnocellular corticopetal system are the major source of Ach to _ (3)

A

hippocampus
olfactory bulb
cerebral cortex

41
Q

Ach from the basal magnocellular corticopetal system supply what layers of the cortex? GABA from the basal magnocellular corticopetal system supply what neuron population?

A

All layers

Inhibitory cortical neurons

42
Q

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system receives inputs from what 4 cortices? What population does this excitatory input reach?

A 
Orbitofrontal
Cingulate
Temporal
Parahippocampal
Only the GABAergic magnocellular neurons
43
Q

The basal magnocellular corticopetal system receives inhibitory inputs from what 2 areas? These contact what neuronal population?

A

Ventral putamen
n. accumbens
Only Cholinergic inputs

44
Q

The amygdala provides _ input to the basal magnocellular neurons? (Excitatory/Inhib)
The LC, via NE, provides _ input to the basal magnocellular neurons? (Excitatory/Inhib)

A

Inhibitory

Excitatory

45
Q

The 3 major functions of the basal magnocellular system are _ what?
What neurotransmitter mediates these functions?

A

Cortical arousal
Selective attention
Modulating cortical plasticity
Ach

46
Q

The major influence over cholinergic neurons is inhibitory input from what structure? This structure receives increased DA release, disinhibiting cholinergic neurons in the cortex`

A

n. accumbens

47
Q

Reduced Ach is associated with _

Increased Ach is associated wih _

A

Impaired sustained attention

Hypervigilance and learning induced synaptic plasticity

48
Q

Alzheimer Disease is associated with loss _, resulting in difficulty forming new memories

A

basal magnocellular cholinergic neurons

49
Q

What causes the hypervigilance and inappropriate focus seen in schizophrenic patients

A

Dopamine induced disinhibition of cholinergic neurons

50
Q

Smoking increases cortical Ach receptors. A side effect of nicotine withdrawal is _

A

Poor concentration

Neurosci Exam 3 (10 decks)

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