Tests, Standards, & Human Factors Flashcards
AATCC 16
Colorfastness to Light, known as the Fade-Ometer test
AATCC 8
Colorfastness to crocking
AATCC 147
Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Textile Materials: Parallel Streak Method
NFPA 701
Vertical Ignition Test:
measures the flammability of draperies, curtains, and other window treatments.
ASTM E84
Steiner Tunnel Test:
tests the flame spread rating of Interior Finishes and Building Materials, specifically wall and ceiling finishes.
ASTM E648
Floor Radiant Panel Test:
measures a carpet’s ability to spread flame in a corridor or exit way when a fully developed fire is nearby.
ASTM D2859
Methenamine Pill Test:
measures the size of the burn to determine the flame resistance of textile floor coverings
A methenamine tablet (or pill) is ignited on the tested material, simulating a scenario that would be similar to if someone dropped a lit cigarette on the floor.
NFPA 258 (ASTM E662)
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials:
measures smoke density in lab conditions.
NFPA 265
Room Corner Test:
This test determines the contribution of interior textiles or expanded vinyl to room fire growth when used on the wall or full height panels.
ASTM D4157
Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance test:
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
When is a fabric considered durable according to the Wyzenbeek Abrasion Resistance Test?
15,000 double rubs
3,000 = light duty
9,000 = medium duty
15,000 = heavy duty
ASTM D4966
Martindale abrasion test:
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method).
Martindale is a figure-8 rub
ASTM D3884
Taber Abraser Test:
Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
This determines the abrasion resistance of textiles, most commonly of carpet
The room corner test typically addresses what fabric situation?
Specifically when napped, tufted, or looped textiles are used as “Wallcoverings” on a wall and ceiling
What is the standard test for flammability for wall and ceiling assemblies in building construction
ASTME-119
Standard test methods for fire test of building construction and materials
Buildings with an automatic sprinkler system connected to an alarm system do not need automatic heat detectors. True or false
true
a dead-end corridor may not exceed how many feet in a sprinklered building?
50 feet
Fire door assemblies are rated at what fraction of the surrounded rated wall?
3/4
Ex. 45 minute door is used in 1 hour wall
Exit access corridors in non-sprinklered buildings must have a rating of what?
1 hour
What would you use to separate a building into two different construction types
Fire wall
Fire walls and partitions are used within building of one construction type
What is the ANSI (American National Standard Institute) what do they do?
One of the leading standards approving organizations in the United States, ANSI reviews standards written by organizations such as ASHRAE, UL and ASTM in an effort to avoid duplication and promote uniformity among various standards.
What is anthropometrics?
Anthropometrics is the measure of the size, proportions and range of motion of the human body. For a terrific reference, especially if you design custom furniture
What is ASHRAE 62
Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
specifies minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality
What is ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
ASTM, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards writing organization. Designers will use ASTM standards regarding flammability of fabrics and finish materials.
What is the ASTM E648 (NFPA 253)?
ASTM E648 (the same test as NFPA 253) is ASTM’s Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
This test measures the flame spread of flooring systems, like carpet, in corridors and exits. Radiant heat is applied by means of a gas fueled panel, inclined at a 30º angle over horizontally installed flooring mounted on concrete (just like real carpeted corridors). This test is designed to simulate thermal radiation levels from an adjacent fire, and to rate different materials for use in different occupancies.
What is BOMA?
The Building Owners and Managers Association BOMA uses the Standard Methods of Measurement (ANSI/BOMA Z65.1 – 2010) as its standard for measuring rentable area in new and existing office buildings.
This method is used for estimating cost per square foot for commercial tenants
What is declare?
Declare is the Living Future Institute product database that identifies the product origin of raw materials and the assembly locations, ingredients or composition, and end-of-life disposal options — to better facilitate the creation of buildings that support human and environmental health.
The Declare database lists the most harmful materials used in building and construction in its Red List.
What is the FSC?
Forest Stewardship Council
promotes environmentally sound, socially beneficial, and economically prosperous management of the world’s forests. Oversees the development of national and regional standards based on a single attribute: basic forest management principles and criteria.
What is EPD (Enviornmental Product Decleration)?
An EPD is a document quantifying a product’s environmental impact throughout its lifecycle. A product’s EPD is third-party verified and registered. Some green building rating systems, like LEED, reward the use of EPDs to encourage transparency and full disclosure regarding the environmental impact of materials.
What is GreenGuard?
This third-party product certification program managed by UL Solutions tests indoor products to ensure they meet acceptable indoor air quality pollutant guidelines and standards
What is greenwashing?
Greenwashing is when a company uses false or misleading language, marketing, statistics etc. to make it seem as though they are engaging in eco-friendly practices.
What is gross area and what does it include?
The gross area includes exterior wall thickness and all vertical penetrations
(mechanical/electrical, plumbing, elevator shafts, stairwells, etc.), basements, and attached garages.
It excludes detached parking, loading docks, or any structure outside the building line.
What is IFMA (International Facility Management Association)
The International Facility Management Association (IFMA) uses the Standard Practice for Building Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management (ASTM E1836) as its standard for measuring commercial spaces.
This method is used for space planning and space management purposes.
What is incidental space?
Incidental Space is nonusable area that isn’t occupied by the client — like closets, structural columns, and walls — but is needed to create the client’s space.
It is the area that is not included in net area. Depending upon the program function of storage, it may or may not be considered incidental space.
What is the ISO (international Organization for Standardization)?
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an independent, non-governmental membership organization and the world’s largest developer of voluntary International Standards
Important to rememeber that it is voluntary not regulatory
What is LEED and what are the rating systems from lowest to highest?
LEED Leadership In Energy & Environmental Design is a national consensus-based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practices, and that recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices.
Ratings from lowest to highest are: Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum
What is Net Area?
Net Area is sometimes called the net assignable area, or the area of each programmed space. It is the space a client needs for their specific program functions like offices, work rooms, or conference rooms.
It includes individual workspaces, dedicated and shared support spaces (break room, copy room), and any special or critical areas.
It does not include the space required for circulation, partitions, or building amenities, like restrooms.
Net area excludes circulation, like corridors and incidental space.
It is measured from the centerline of interior partitions of a space.
Total Net Area is calculated by adding together all programmed areas.
When is a space considered an accessory occupancy?
How is it calculated for occupant load v. when a space is not considered an accessory space?
- Ancillary occupancy to the main occupancy
- Can’t exceed 10% of floor area of the story where located
- If it is an accessory occupancy, it does not need to be separated by fire barrier
(table 508.4)
What is an incidental space?
- Ancillary to main occupancy
- Same classification as the main occupancy
- Poses a greater risk (boiler room)
- Does not exceed 10% of the floor area of story where located
- MUST be separated by fire barrier or sprinklered (table 509)
What is ergonomics?
Studies the relationship between the human body and its physical environment
Focuses more on the interaction between people and specific objects or tasks
What is proxemics?
Describes how people use a space based on circumstance, social, and cultural aspects.
Four distances
1.) Intimate distance
2.) personal distance
3.) Social distance (4-12 feet most impersonal business)
4.) Public distance
What is the difference between sociopetal and sociofugal?
Sociopetal = Furniture arrangements that help social interaction
Sociofugal = Furniture arrangements discourage interaction
What are the four considerations of any design problem
Function
Form
Economy
Time
NFPA 252
Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
tests the ability of a door assembly to resist the passage of flame, heat, and gases.
