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Honors A level revision > Tests for organic and inorganic compounds > Flashcards

Tests for organic and inorganic compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Test for acid or base character

A

Use indicator paper
Acid turns paper red and alkali turns paper blue

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2
Q

Flame test

A

Dip nichrome wire in conc HCl and then dip into metal ion solution. Place wire at the top of the Bunsen flame and observe colour.

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3
Q

Carbonate/ hydrogen carbonate ions

A

Add aqueous acid
Bubbles of CO2 will be observed when bubbled through limewater. Limewater turned cloudy due to calcium carbonate ppt.

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4
Q

Ammonium ions

A

Add aq NaOH and gently warm, the ammonia gas will turn indicator paper blue and pungent smell given off.

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5
Q

Sulfate ions

A

Add acidified barium chloride solution and a white ppt is formed (barium sulfate)

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6
Q

Halide ions

A

Add aq AgNO3 then aq NH3 solution
Cl- ion forms white ppt
Br- ion forms cream ppt
I- ion forms yellow ppt

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7
Q

How would you confirm the presence of specific halide ions

A

Use ammonia to dissolve ppt
Cl- ions are soluble in dilute ammonia
Br- ions are soluble in conc ammonia
I- ions are insoluble in conc ammonia

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8
Q

Li+ flame test colour

A

Red

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9
Q

Na+ flame test colour

A

Orange

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10
Q

K+ flame test colour

A

Lilac

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11
Q

Rb+ flame test colour

A

Red

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12
Q

Cs+ flame test colour

A

Blue

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13
Q

Mg2+ flame test colour

A

No colour

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14
Q

Ca2+ flame test colour

A

Brick red

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15
Q

Sr2+ flame test colour

A

Crimson red

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16
Q

Ba2+ flame test colour

A

Green

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17
Q

Metal cation test

A

Use sodium hydroxide

18
Q

Mg2+ metal cation test

A

Some NaOH- white ppt
More NaOH- remains the same

19
Q

Ca2+ metal cation test

A

Some NaOH- White ppt (more soluble than Mg)
More NaOH- remains the same

20
Q

Zn2+ metal cation test

A

Some NaOH- White ppt that is soluble in NH3
More NaOH- Ppt dissolves into colourless solution

21
Q

Al3+ metal cation test

A

Some NaOH- White ppt
More NaOH- ppt dissolves into colourless solution

22
Q

Ag+ metal cation test

A

Dark brown ppt that does not dissolve in excess NaOH however is soluble in NH3

23
Q

Cu2+ metal cation test

A

Blue ppt that does not dissolve in excess NaOH

24
Q

Fe3+ metal cation test

A

Brown ppt that does not dissolve in excess NaOH

25
Q

Fe2+ metal cation test

A

White/green ppt slowly turns brown when exposed to the oxygen in the air

26
Q

Cr3+ metal cation test

A

Blue/green ppt that dissolves in excess NaOH to form a green solution

27
Q

Co2+ metal cation test

A

Blueish ppt that slowly turns pink, ppt does not dissolve in excess NaOH

28
Q

Ni2+ metal cation test

A

Green ppt formed that is insoluble in excess NaOH

29
Q

Mn2+ metal cation test

A

Off-white ppt that turns brown upon exposure to the air. Insoluble in excess NaOH

30
Q

Reaction between solid halide salt and conc sulfuric acid

A

Chloride produces steamy fumes of HCl
Bromide produces steamy fumes, brown vapour
Iodide produces steamy fumes, purple vapours, black solid

31
Q

Test for bromide

A

Add chlorine water to a solution of bromines, an orange solution is formed if present + effervescence

32
Q

Test for alkenes

A

Add bromine water and shake, colour change from orange to colourless if alkene present

33
Q

Test for -OH groups (but not phenols)

A

Add PCl5 and misty fumes of HCl will be observed
Or add small piece of sodium and effervescence observed

34
Q

Test for carboxylic acids

A

Litmus paper turns red-ish
Add sodium carbonate and observe effervescence

35
Q

Tests for aldehydes and ketones

A

Add 2,4-DNPH and an orange ppt is formed if aldehyde or ketone present (C=O bond)

36
Q

Test for aldehyde

A

Add Tollen’s reagent (AgNO3)
Silver mirror observed if aldehyde present, ketones do not change as they cannot be oxidised

37
Q

Test for ketone

A

Fehlings Solution
Aldehydes- brick red ppt
Ketones- No change, remains deep blue solution

38
Q

Iodoform reaction test

A

Warm with iodine and NaOH and observe yellow ppt and antiseptic smell.

39
Q

Alcohol (primary and secondary) and aldehyde

A

Warm with acidified sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate
Colour change from orange to green

40
Q

Esterification test

A

Gently warm alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of conc sulfuric acid, produces a compound with a characteristic smell e.g pineapples.

Honors A level revision (16 decks)

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