Biology topic 1

Question 1

Reaction type and bonds formed from carbohydrates

Answer 1

Condensation reaction
Glycosidic bonds

Question 2

Monosaccharide

Answer 2

1 5C pentose sugar/ glucose monomer
RNA- Ribose
DNA- Deoxyribose

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

2 monomers
Gluc + gluc = Maltose
Gluc + fruc = Sucrose
Gluc + galac = Lactose

Question 4

Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Many glucose monomers
Condensation of alpha glucose = glycogen + starch
Condensation of beta glucose = cellulose

Question 5

Features of glycogen

Answer 5

Alpha glucose
1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Large no. of side branches = hydrolysed quickly and energy is released
Compact- max energy storage

Question 6

Features of cellulose

Answer 6

Plant call wall
Beta glucose
Long, unbranched chain
1,4 glycosidic bonds
Contain microfibres and microfibrils - Strong threads of long cellulose chains, joined by H bonds (strong)
Structural support

Question 7

Amylopectin (starch)

Answer 7

1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Branched- Side branches digested easily by enzymes, quick energy release

Question 8

Amylose (starch)

Answer 8

1,4 glycosidic bonds
Unbranched
Coiled and compact
Good energy storage

Question 9

Features of lipids

Answer 9

Only soluble in organic solvent
Waterproof- Hydrophobic tail
Compact
Non-polar, insoluble in H2O- good for storage as it does not interfere with H2O based rxns in cytoplasm
Conduct heat slowly- thermal insulation