Testing file format - journal questions Flashcards
1
Q
What was the primary objective of the study described in the article ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The primary objective was to determine the ability of cell salvage washing and leukoreduction filtration to remove bacterial contamination from canine whole blood.
2
Q
What was the study design used in the article ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The study was an ex vivo nested cohort study.
3
Q
How many units of canine whole blood were used in the study ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The study used 33 units of commercially purchased fresh canine whole blood.
4
Q
Which bacterial species were used to inoculate the blood samples in the study ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The blood samples were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
5
Q
What were the results of the cell salvage washing system on bacterial concentrations in the study ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The cell salvage washing system reduced bacterial concentrations by 85.2% for E. coli, 91.5% for S. pseudintermedius, and 93.9% for P. aeruginosa.
6
Q
How effective was the first filtration at removing bacteria in the study ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The first filtration reduced bacterial concentrations by 99.9% for E. coli and 100% for both S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa.
7
Q
What was the outcome after the second filtration in the study ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
After the second filtration, none of the three species of bacteria could be isolated, indicating a 100% reduction.
8
Q
What was the conclusion of the study ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020?
A
The study concluded that cell salvage washing combined with leukoreduction filtration eliminated bacterial contamination of canine whole blood.
9
Q
What clinical significance did the authors of the article ‘Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in February 2020 suggest for their findings?
A
The authors suggested that the techniques could be applied to intraoperative autotransfusion in clinical animals, particularly those treated for trauma or hemorrhage with concurrent bacterial contamination.
10
Q
What was the primary objective of the study described in the article ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the vertebral segments L5-L6 and L7-S1 of large dogs compared to the freehand technique.
11
Q
What was the study design used in the article ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The study was an ex vivo study using canine lumbosacral vertebral specimens.
12
Q
How many vertebral specimens were used in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The study used lumbosacral vertebral specimens from nineteen large-breed dogs.
13
Q
What were the two groups compared in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The two groups compared were (1) pedicle screw insertion using 3D-printed custom-made drill guides (guide group) and (2) freehand pedicle screw insertion (control group).
14
Q
What imaging technique was used for preoperative planning in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
Preoperative multislice CT scans were used for surgical planning and to create 3D bone models.
15
Q
What were the primary outcome measures in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The primary outcome measures were the accuracy of screw insertion angles and the incidence of vertebral canal breaches.
16
Q
How did the accuracy of pedicle screw placement compare between the 3D-printed drill guide and freehand technique in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was higher with the 3D-printed drill guides compared to the freehand technique, with fewer breaches in the guide group.
17
Q
What were the findings regarding vertebral canal breaches in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The study found that the number of vertebral canal breaches was significantly lower in the guide group (9%) compared to the control group (30%).
18
Q
What was concluded about the use of 3D-printed drill guides in the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The study concluded that 3D-printed drill guides increase the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion and reduce the risk of vertebral canal breaches, making them a safe alternative to freehand pedicle screw placement.
19
Q
What were the limitations of the study ‘Accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides for pedicle screw placement in the canine lumbosacral spine’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in January 2020?
A
The study’s limitations included its cadaveric design, small sample size, and unknown clinical significance of pedicle screw vertebral canal breaches.
20
Q
What was the primary objective of the study described in the article ‘Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in 2020?
A
The primary objective was to determine the value of initial aerobic bacterial cultures of acute open traumatic wounds to predict bacterial species in wounds that become infected.
21
Q
What was the study design used in the article ‘Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in 2020?
A
The study was a prospective clinical trial.
22
Q
How many dogs were included in the study ‘Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in 2020?
A
The study included 64 dogs with naturally occurring acute cutaneous traumatic wounds.
23
Q
What were the main findings of the study ‘Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in 2020 regarding the value of initial bacterial cultures?
A
The main finding was that initial bacterial cultures were not predictive of the bacterial species subsequently recovered from infected wounds.
24
Q
What methods were used for bacterial culture in the study ‘Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs’ published in ‘Veterinary Surgery’ in 2020?
A
Initial swabs were taken from each wound prior to and after lavage and debridement for quantitative and qualitative aerobic bacterial culture.
25
How were infections identified and confirmed in the study 'Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs' published in 'Veterinary Surgery' in 2020?
Infections were identified and confirmed based on clinical signs of infection including erythema, purulent discharge, pain, swelling, and heat, and by bacterial culture of the infected wound.
26
What was the impact of lavage and debridement on bacterial cultures in the study 'Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs' published in 'Veterinary Surgery' in 2020?
Lavage and debridement significantly reduced the bacterial load in most wounds, but the initial bacterial load was not predictive of subsequent infection.
27
What antibiotics were administered to the dogs in the study 'Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs' published in 'Veterinary Surgery' in 2020?
All primary clinicians prescribed β-lactam antibiotics, specifically amoxicillin-clavulanate or cephalexin, to the dogs at initial presentation.
28
What was concluded about the use of pretreatment wound cultures for predicting infection in the study 'Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs' published in 'Veterinary Surgery' in 2020?
The study concluded that pretreatment wound cultures are not useful in predicting subsequent wound infection or in guiding early antimicrobial selection.
29
What were the limitations of the study 'Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs' published in 'Veterinary Surgery' in 2020?
The limitations included the administration of prophylactic antibiotics to all dogs, the exclusion of anaerobic cultures, and the use of swab cultures rather than tissue cultures.
30
What was the main objective of the study titled "Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps" published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The main objective was to develop and evaluate a novel fracture fragment stabilization system, the Sirius minimally invasive bone reduction handle system (SMH), in an artificial fracture model simulating a canine femoral fracture repair with a minimally invasive orthopedic approach.
31
What components made up the Sirius minimally invasive bone reduction handle system (SMH) as described in the Veterinary Surgery article from July 2020?
The SMH consisted of modified Kern forceps connected with existing external skeletal fixation components, including a stainless-steel beam welded to one arm of each Kern handle and external fixator bone clamps and connecting bars.
32
How many synthetic fractured femurs with soft-tissue coverage analogs were used in the in vitro experimental study of the novel fracture fragment stabilization system reported in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
Eight synthetic fractured femurs with soft-tissue coverage analogs were used in the study.
33
What were the key outcome variables measured in the study "Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis" published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The key outcome variables were fragment movement, early/final gap formation, time of procedure, and assessed practicability using a visual analog scale.
34
According to the Veterinary Surgery article from July 2020, how did the final reduction gap compare when using the SMH versus traditional Kern forceps?
The SMH resulted in a smaller final reduction gap compared to the traditional Kern forceps.
35
What was the correlation between surgical experience and surgery times in the study detailed in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020, regarding the novel fracture fragment stabilization system?
More surgical experience resulted in faster surgery times, but it was not correlated with final fracture gap formation.
36
Describe the primary limitation of the SMH prototype used in the study as mentioned in the article "Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system" in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020.
The primary limitation of the SMH prototype was that it had several areas that would be difficult to sterilize, making it unsuitable for clinical use without further refinement.
37
In the Veterinary Surgery article from July 2020, what was the significance of the custom-made artificial fracture model (FxM) developed for the study?
The FxM was significant because it provided a standardized experimental setting that mimicked the forces from muscular contraction in a clinical case, allowing for consistent and reproducible testing of the SMH and traditional Kern forceps.
38
What were the subjective impressions of the board-certified surgeons regarding the artificial fracture model (FxM) used in the study published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The board-certified surgeons found the FxM to be subjectively similar to an in vivo experience, permitting a standardized experiment setting.
39
What future studies were recommended by the authors in the article "Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system" in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020, to further evaluate the SMH?
The authors recommended additional ex vivo and in vivo studies with the newly designed SMH to better ascertain its utility and effectiveness in clinical cases.
40
What were the objectives of the study conducted by von Pfeil and Horstman in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The objectives of the study were to develop and evaluate a novel fracture fragment stabilization system, the Sirius minimally invasive bone reduction handle system (SMH), in an artificial fracture model simulating a canine femoral fracture repair with a minimally invasive orthopedic approach.
41
How many synthetic fractured femurs were used in the study, and what did they simulate in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The study used eight synthetic fractured femurs with soft-tissue coverage analogs to simulate a canine femoral fracture repair.
42
Describe the Sirius minimally invasive bone reduction handle system (SMH) as developed in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020.
The Sirius minimally invasive bone reduction handle system (SMH) consisted of modified Kern forceps connected with existing external skeletal fixation components to stabilize fracture fragments during minimally invasive osteosynthesis.
43
What were the main findings regarding the final reduction gap when using the SMH compared to traditional Kern forceps (KO) in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The main findings showed that the SMH was associated with a smaller final reduction gap compared to traditional Kern forceps (KO), indicating more effective fracture stabilization.
44
How did the surgical experience of participants affect the outcomes of the procedures in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The surgical experience of participants resulted in faster surgery times but was not correlated with the final fracture gap formation, indicating that experience improved efficiency but not necessarily the accuracy of fracture reduction.
45
What challenges of minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) does the study address with the development of the SMH in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The study addresses challenges such as exposure to radiation, difficulty in visualizing fracture ends, changes in normal anatomical structures, muscle contractions, and the risk of limb malalignment or inappropriate implant placement by developing the SMH.
46
What was the significance of the early and final reduction gap findings in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The significance of the early and final reduction gap findings was that the SMH resulted in significantly smaller early and final reduction gaps compared to KO, demonstrating its effectiveness in maintaining fracture reduction.
47
What were the demographics and roles of the participants involved in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
Participants included eight technician assistants, five licensed veterinary technicians, two board-certified surgeons, and one administrator, with a mix of males and females.
48
What advantages does the SMH offer over the Minimally Invasive Reduction Instrumentation System (MIRIS) mentioned in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The advantages of the SMH over the MIRIS include lower cost, use of readily available external fixator components, and the absence of half pins that could interfere with definitive fixation or create stress risers.
49
What are the future recommendations made by the authors regarding the SMH in 'Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps,' published in Veterinary Surgery, July 2020?
The authors recommend conducting additional studies of the SMH to fully assess its effectiveness and practicality in clinical cases.
50
What was the objective of the study titled 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
The objective was to report the successful treatment of septic nonunion in two dogs with large segmental defects secondary to long-bone fractures by using a novel human placenta-derived matrix (hPM) as an adjunct to fixation.
51
What were the characteristics of the animals involved in the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
The study involved one 3-kg 9-year-old neutered male Yorkshire terrier with a distal antebrachial fracture and one 6-kg 4-year-old spayed female miniature pinscher with a distal humeral fracture.
52
How were the segmental defects treated in the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
The segmental defects were treated with autogenous cancellous bone graft, canine demineralized bone matrix, and injection of hPM after closure. The fractures were stabilized using a circular external fixator for the antebrachial fracture and biaxial bone plating for the humeral fracture.
53
What was the outcome of using hPM in the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
Radiographic union was documented at 8 weeks for the antebrachial fracture and 6 weeks for the humeral fracture. Both dogs became fully weight-bearing on the affected limbs and returned to full activity.
54
What challenges do septic nonunions with large segmental defects present, according to the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
Septic nonunions with large segmental defects present challenges such as the need for extensive debridement, slow and unreliable graft incorporation, and compromised fracture healing in the presence of infection.
55
How was hPM prepared and used in the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
Frozen hPM stored at -80°C was thawed to room temperature during the last 20 minutes of the surgical procedure. It was then injected directly into the graft sites under fluoroscopic guidance using a hypodermic needle and syringe.
56
What were the findings of the bacterial cultures in the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
In case 1, the bacterial culture of the explant and sequestrum yielded growth of a Pasteurella spp. In case 2, the bacterial culture of the explant yielded growth of Enterobacter cloacae. Both bacteria were susceptible to enrofloxacin.
57
How did the dogs recover post-surgery in the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
Both dogs showed consistent weight-bearing on the affected limbs within weeks after surgery, with only mild lameness noted at follow-ups. Both returned to full activity with no lameness by the end of the study period.
58
What potential benefits of hPM are suggested by the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020?
hPM may have potential benefits due to its complex array of cytokines involved in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and antimicrobial properties, which may facilitate bone regeneration even in infected sites.
59
What further research does the study 'Human placenta-derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long-bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion' published in Veterinary Surgery, August 2020 suggest is needed?
The study suggests that further investigation into the effects of hPM on bone healing is warranted, given the impressive healing observed in these pilot cases. Additional studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of hPM in a broader population.
60
What was the primary objective of the case report titled 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog' published in Veterinary Surgery in August 2020?
The primary objective was to describe the surgical reduction of luxation of the triceps brachii tendon in a dog.
61
What animal and condition were described in the study 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog' published in Veterinary Surgery in August 2020?
A 2.5-year-old 2.58 kg castrated male toy poodle with medial subluxation of the elbow joint and medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon.
62
According to the article 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog' in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020), what surgical methods were used to correct the luxation?
The surgical methods used included antirotational suture, a stopper pin, medial retinaculum release, and imbrication of the lateral retinaculum.
63
In the case report 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog' from Veterinary Surgery (August 2020), what were the long-term outcomes for the dog post-surgery?
The long-term outcomes included the successful reduction of the triceps brachii tendon and elbow joint, normal gait by 55 days postoperatively, and no implant failure or recurrence 3.5 years after surgery.
64
What diagnostic techniques were used to identify the medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon in the study published in Veterinary Surgery in August 2020?
Diagnostic techniques included palpation, the Campbell test, ultrasonographic examination, and radiographs.
65
How long did it take for the dog to return to normal gait post-surgery according to the case report in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) titled 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog'?
The dog returned to normal gait by 55 days post-surgery.
66
What was the cause of the dog's lameness as described in the article 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog' in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020)?
The lameness was caused by the dog falling from the owner's arms approximately 18 months before presenting at the veterinary medical center.
67
What postoperative care was provided to the dog in the study 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog' from Veterinary Surgery (August 2020)?
Postoperative care included a spica splint for 12 days, constant rate infusion of fentanyl hydrate and ketamine hydrochloride, cephalexin and robenacoxib administration, and restricted activity to leash walking for 8 weeks.
68
What was the result of the ultrasonographic examination performed on the dog as detailed in the Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) article 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog'?
The ultrasonographic examination revealed medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon and normal collateral ligaments without rupture or chronic changes.
69
According to the Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) article 'Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog,' what were the findings on the postoperative radiographs of the right forelimb?
The postoperative radiographs showed no skeletal deformities, including joint incongruence or angular deformities, and the alignment of the right forelimb was well maintained.
70
In the article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" published in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
To compare in vitro knot holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot (LMK), open Miller's knot (MK), open surgeon's throw (Sx), and laparoscopic surgeon's throw (LSx) in a vascular pedicle model when used as the first throw for vascular ligation.
71
According to the article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" from Veterinary Surgery (August 2020), what materials were used to create the vascular pedicle model?
Open-ended esophageal balloon dilation catheters with a diameter of 12 mm and silicone rubber tubing were used to emulate the outward radial pressure of tissue within a large vascular pedicle.
72
What were the results of the study "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) regarding the mean leakage pressures of the MK and LMK?
Both MK and LMK had mean leakage pressures above 300 mm Hg, with the MK leaking at higher pressure than all other knots, including the LMK (P< .001). The LMK leaked at greater pressures compared with the Sx and the LSx (P< .001).
73
In the Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model," what was concluded about the LMK's knot holding strength?
The LMK created a more secure first throw compared with the Sx and leaked at supraphysiologic pressures, indicating excellent knot holding strength on a vascular pedicle model and potential for clinical application.
74
What hypothesis was tested in the study "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" published in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020)?
The hypothesis was that the LMK would not differ significantly from the MK and would leak at greater pressure than the Sx and LSx.
75
According to the Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model," how were the laparoscopic knots tied?
Laparoscopic knots were tied in a laparoscopic box trainer using laparoscopic needle holders.
76
In the study "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" from Veterinary Surgery (August 2020), what was the significant finding regarding the surgeon's throw (Sx and LSx)?
No difference was detected between leaking pressures of the Sx and the LSx (P= .226), with both leaking at pressures below 40 mm Hg, indicating poor performance as the first throw for ligation.
77
What methodology was used to test the knot holding strength in the article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" published in Veterinary Surgery (August 2020)?
Knot constructs were pressure tested to failure using a pressure transducer and a digital syringe pump to deliver saline, with pressures continuously recorded and analyzed for maximum pressure to failure.
78
What was the clinical significance of the findings in the article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" from Veterinary Surgery (August 2020)?
The LMK has excellent knot holding strength on a vascular pedicle model and may be further evaluated for clinical application, offering a potential alternative to other suture methods in laparoscopic surgery.
79
How did the researchers in the Veterinary Surgery (August 2020) article "In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller's knot compared with open Miller's knot, open surgeon's throw, and laparoscopic surgeon's throw in a vascular pedicle model" enhance visual detection of leakage during the experiment?
The balloon was primed and pressured with a saline and red food coloring mixture, and all excess above the ligature was replaced with normal saline to facilitate visual detection of initial leakage by the presence of a small red saline plume within the normal saline above the ligature.
80
What was the primary objective of the study conducted by Walker et al. (2020) as published in Veterinary Surgery?
The primary objective was to evaluate the presence of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes (qacA/B, smr, qacG, and qacJ) in clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP and MRSP) from dogs and assess their impact on chlorhexidine digluconate susceptibility.
81
How many clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were examined in the Walker et al. (2020) study in Veterinary Surgery?
The study examined a total of 70 isolates, including 50 MRSP and 20 MSSP isolates from dogs.
82
According to the 2020 study by Walker et al. in Veterinary Surgery, what methods were used to determine the presence of QAC resistance genes in the isolates?
The study used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of the QAC resistance genes qacA/B, smr, qacG, and qacJ in the isolates.
83
What was the range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for chlorhexidine digluconate in MRSP isolates as reported by Walker et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery?
The MIC values for chlorhexidine digluconate in MRSP isolates ranged from 0.5 to 4 µg/mL.
84
What significant finding regarding the qacG gene was reported by Walker et al. (2020) in their Veterinary Surgery article?
The study found that the presence of the qacG gene was significantly associated with an increased MIC of chlorhexidine digluconate, with a median MIC of 1.5 µg/mL in isolates possessing the gene compared to 1.0 µg/mL in those not possessing it (P = .012).
85
Did Walker et al. (2020) in their Veterinary Surgery study find an association between the presence of QAC resistance genes and increased chlorhexidine MIC in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates?
Overall, there was no association between the presence of one or more QAC resistance genes and increased chlorhexidine MIC in the isolates, except for the qacG gene.
86
What percentage of the isolates tested by Walker et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery were found to carry one or more QAC resistance genes?
A total of 74% of the isolates (52 out of 70) were found to carry one or more QAC resistance genes.
87
According to Walker et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery, what was the clinical significance of the presence of QAC resistance genes in the context of chlorhexidine use?
The study concluded that despite the presence of QAC resistance genes, chlorhexidine digluconate should still be effective against MRSP and MSSP if used correctly, as all isolates exhibited MIC values significantly lower than the concentrations recommended for use.
88
What was the distribution of QAC resistance genes between MRSP and MSSP isolates as reported by Walker et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery?
The presence of QAC resistance genes was more common in MRSP isolates (82%) compared to MSSP isolates (55%). However, qacJ was found exclusively in MRSP isolates.
89
How did Walker et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery suggest the veterinary community address the potential emergence of chlorhexidine resistance?
The authors emphasized the importance of ongoing monitoring and investigation of QAC resistance genes in veterinary medicine to ensure the continued effectiveness of chlorhexidine and other antiseptics, as resistance could impact aseptic techniques in clinical settings.
90
What was the primary objective of the study conducted by Scharf et al. (2020) as published in Veterinary Surgery?
The primary objective was to evaluate the ability of a bipolar sealing device (BSD) to seal canine bladder tissue and to determine the influence of suture augmentation on the resistance to leakage of sealed partial cystectomies.
91
How many canine cadaver bladders were used in the study by Scharf et al. (2020) published in Veterinary Surgery?
The study used 23 urinary bladders harvested from canine cadavers.
92
According to Scharf et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery, what were the two main pressure-related outcomes measured in the study?
The two main pressure-related outcomes were initial leakage pressure and pressure at catastrophic failure.
93
What significant result regarding suture augmentation did Scharf et al. (2020) report in their Veterinary Surgery article?
The study found that suture augmentation increased the pressure at catastrophic failure but lowered the initial leak pressure.
94
In the study by Scharf et al. (2020) published in Veterinary Surgery, what was the median initial leakage pressure for non-sutured sealed cystectomies?
The median initial leakage pressure for non-sutured sealed cystectomies was 17.7 mmHg.
95
Did Scharf et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery find any differences in catastrophic failure pressure between sutured and non-sutured cystectomies?
Yes, sutured cystectomies had a significantly higher catastrophic failure pressure (34.3 mmHg) compared to non-sutured cystectomies (21.8 mmHg).
96
What methodology did Scharf et al. (2020) use to assess the sealing capability of the BSD in their Veterinary Surgery study?
The sealing capability was assessed by measuring the intraluminal pressure at initial leakage and catastrophic failure after performing partial cystectomy with and without suture augmentation.
97
According to Scharf et al. (2020) in Veterinary Surgery, what was observed at the site of catastrophic failure in non-sutured cystectomies?
Catastrophic failure occurred along the seam of the sealed partial cystectomy in all non-sutured bladders.
98
What was the clinical significance of Scharf et al.'s (2020) findings in Veterinary Surgery?
The study suggests that while BSD effectively seals canine bladder tissue, augmentation with a simple continuous suture pattern increases resistance to catastrophic failure, supporting its potential use in clinical settings for partial cystectomy in dogs.
99
What future research did Scharf et al. (2020) propose based on their findings in Veterinary Surgery?
They proposed further studies to evaluate the use of BSD in live dogs and to assess whether sealed partial cystectomy can improve the feasibility of laparoscopic partial cystectomy for treating apical bladder masses.
100
In the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' by Clarke et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of sedation or general anesthesia (GA) on elbow goniometry and thoracic limb circumference (TLC) measurements in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (OA).
101
How many dogs were included in the study by Clarke et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis'?
The study included 24 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed elbow OA.
102
According to Clarke et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis', what was the significant finding regarding elbow flexion and extension under sedation and GA?
The study found that mean elbow flexion decreased by 5° under sedation and 3° under GA, while mean elbow extension increased by 6° under sedation and 2° under GA. The total range of motion increased by 11° under sedation and 5° under GA.
103
What was the conclusion of Clarke et al. (2020) in their article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' regarding the effect of sedation and GA on TLC measurements?
Clarke et al. concluded that sedation and GA did not influence TLC measurements in dogs with elbow OA.
104
In the study by Clarke et al. (2020) published in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis', what were the two main methods used to measure elbow goniometry and TLC?
The elbow goniometry was measured using a hand-held goniometer, and TLC was measured using a spring tension measuring tape.
105
Did Clarke et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' find any differences in the effect of sedation vs. GA on the elbow range of motion (ROM)?
Yes, the study found that both sedation and GA led to a slight increase in elbow ROM, with sedation showing a greater increase (11°) compared to GA (5°).
106
What was the sample population for the Clarke et al. (2020) study in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis'?
The sample population consisted of 24 client-owned dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis.
107
According to Clarke et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis', what did the study hypothesize about the effect of sedation or GA on elbow flexion and extension measurements?
The study hypothesized that elbow flexion measurements would decrease and elbow extension measurements would increase under sedation or GA compared to measurements in awake dogs with elbow OA.
108
What were the findings of Clarke et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' regarding the effect of sedation and GA on thoracic limb circumference measurements?
The study found that neither sedation nor GA had a significant effect on thoracic limb circumference measurements.
109
What clinical significance did Clarke et al. (2020) highlight in their article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' regarding the use of sedation or GA for goniometry and TLC measurements in dogs with elbow OA?
The clinical significance highlighted was that sedation or GA led to slight alterations in goniometric measurements but did not affect TLC measurements, indicating that either method could be used interchangeably for these assessments in dogs with elbow OA.
110
In the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' by Duffy et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons repaired with partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
111
How many canine cadaveric tendons were used in the study by Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons'?
The study used 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons for the experiments.
112
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons', what were the two types of circumferential epitendinous suture patterns evaluated?
The study evaluated partial and complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
113
What significant result regarding gap formation did Duffy et al. (2020) report in their article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons'?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern significantly reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
114
In the study by Duffy et al. (2020) published in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons', what was the main method used to evaluate biomechanical properties?
The biomechanical properties were evaluated using tensile testing to assess gap formation and ultimate failure strength.
115
Did Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' find any differences in biomechanical properties between the two suture techniques?
Yes, the study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern demonstrated superior biomechanical properties compared to the partial pattern.
116
What was the sample population for the Duffy et al. (2020) study in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons'?
The sample population consisted of 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons.
117
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons', what did the study hypothesize about the effect of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The study hypothesized that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern would provide superior biomechanical strength and reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
118
What were the findings of Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' regarding the strength of the repair techniques?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern provided greater resistance to gap formation and higher ultimate failure strength.
119
What clinical significance did Duffy et al. (2020) highlight in their article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' regarding the use of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The clinical significance highlighted was that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern may be more effective for tendon repair in clinical settings, potentially reducing the risk of gap formation and improving healing outcomes.
120
In the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' by Clarke et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of sedation or general anesthesia (GA) on elbow goniometry and thoracic limb circumference (TLC) measurements in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (OA).
121
How many dogs were included in the study by Clarke et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis'?
The study included 24 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed elbow OA.
122
According to Clarke et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis', what was the significant finding regarding elbow flexion and extension under sedation and GA?
The study found that mean elbow flexion decreased by 5° under sedation and 3° under GA, while mean elbow extension increased by 6° under sedation and 2° under GA. The total range of motion increased by 11° under sedation and 5° under GA.
123
What was the conclusion of Clarke et al. (2020) in their article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' regarding the effect of sedation and GA on TLC measurements?
Clarke et al. concluded that sedation and GA did not influence TLC measurements in dogs with elbow OA.
124
In the study by Clarke et al. (2020) published in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis', what were the two main methods used to measure elbow goniometry and TLC?
The elbow goniometry was measured using a hand-held goniometer, and TLC was measured using a spring tension measuring tape.
125
Did Clarke et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' find any differences in the effect of sedation vs. GA on the elbow range of motion (ROM)?
Yes, the study found that both sedation and GA led to a slight increase in elbow ROM, with sedation showing a greater increase (11°) compared to GA (5°).
126
What was the sample population for the Clarke et al. (2020) study in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis'?
The sample population consisted of 24 client-owned dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis.
127
According to Clarke et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis', what did the study hypothesize about the effect of sedation or GA on elbow flexion and extension measurements?
The study hypothesized that elbow flexion measurements would decrease and elbow extension measurements would increase under sedation or GA compared to measurements in awake dogs with elbow OA.
128
What were the findings of Clarke et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' regarding the effect of sedation and GA on thoracic limb circumference measurements?
The study found that neither sedation nor GA had a significant effect on thoracic limb circumference measurements.
129
What clinical significance did Clarke et al. (2020) highlight in their article 'Effect of Sedation or General Anesthesia on Elbow Goniometry and Thoracic Limb Circumference Measurements in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis' regarding the use of sedation or GA for goniometry and TLC measurements in dogs with elbow OA?
The clinical significance highlighted was that sedation or GA led to slight alterations in goniometric measurements but did not affect TLC measurements, indicating that either method could be used interchangeably for these assessments in dogs with elbow OA.
130
In the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' by Duffy et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons repaired with partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
131
How many canine cadaveric tendons were used in the study by Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons'?
The study used 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons for the experiments.
132
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons', what were the two types of circumferential epitendinous suture patterns evaluated?
The study evaluated partial and complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
133
What significant result regarding gap formation did Duffy et al. (2020) report in their article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons'?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern significantly reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
134
In the study by Duffy et al. (2020) published in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons', what was the main method used to evaluate biomechanical properties?
The biomechanical properties were evaluated using tensile testing to assess gap formation and ultimate failure strength.
135
Did Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' find any differences in biomechanical properties between the two suture techniques?
Yes, the study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern demonstrated superior biomechanical properties compared to the partial pattern.
136
What was the sample population for the Duffy et al. (2020) study in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons'?
The sample population consisted of 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons.
137
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons', what did the study hypothesize about the effect of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The study hypothesized that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern would provide superior biomechanical strength and reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
138
What were the findings of Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' regarding the strength of the repair techniques?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern provided greater resistance to gap formation and higher ultimate failure strength.
139
What clinical significance did Duffy et al. (2020) highlight in their article 'Effect of Partial vs Complete Circumferential Epitendinous Suture Patterns on the Biomechanical Properties and Gap Formation of Canine Cadaveric Tendons' regarding the use of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The clinical significance highlighted was that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern may be more effective for tendon repair in clinical settings, potentially reducing the risk of gap formation and improving healing outcomes.
140
In the study by Bitton et al. (2020) titled 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series', how was the blood supply to the muscle flaps assessed?
The blood supply was assessed using methylene blue injections to visualize the arterial supply to the muscle flaps.
141
What was the surgical technique described by Bitton et al. (2020) in the article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series' for creating the muscle flaps?
The technique involved freeing both the origin and insertion of the superficial gluteal muscle while preserving its blood supply, then transposing the muscle flap to cover the hernia defect.
142
How did Bitton et al. (2020) in the article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series' evaluate the success of the ventral perineal hernia repairs?
Success was evaluated based on the integrity of the repair at follow-up and the absence of hernia recurrence.
143
According to Bitton et al. (2020) in their article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series', what was the significance of the overlap between the muscle flaps?
The overlap between the muscle flaps was crucial for ensuring a strong repair without tension, reducing the risk of recurrence.
144
What were the long-term outcomes reported by Bitton et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series'?
Long-term outcomes showed that the dogs remained symptom-free with no recurrence of the hernia over the follow-up period.
145
What conclusions did Bitton et al. (2020) draw regarding the clinical application of the bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps?
Bitton et al. concluded that bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps are a viable option for repairing ventral perineal hernias, offering a robust alternative in cases where other methods may not be sufficient.
146
In the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' by Duffy et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons repaired with partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
147
How many canine cadaveric tendons were used in the study by Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons'?
The study used 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons for the experiments.
148
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons', what were the two types of circumferential epitendinous suture patterns evaluated?
The study evaluated partial and complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
149
What significant result regarding gap formation did Duffy et al. (2020) report in their article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons'?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern significantly reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
150
In the study by Duffy et al. (2020) published in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons', what was the main method used to evaluate biomechanical properties?
The biomechanical properties were evaluated using tensile testing to assess gap formation and ultimate failure strength.
151
Did Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' find any differences in biomechanical properties between the two suture techniques?
Yes, the study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern demonstrated superior biomechanical properties compared to the partial pattern.
152
What was the sample population for the Duffy et al. (2020) study in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons'?
The sample population consisted of 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons.
153
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons', what did the study hypothesize about the effect of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The study hypothesized that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern would provide superior biomechanical strength and reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
154
What were the findings of Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' regarding the strength of the repair techniques?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern provided greater resistance to gap formation and higher ultimate failure strength.
155
What clinical significance did Duffy et al. (2020) highlight in their article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' regarding the use of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The clinical significance highlighted was that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern may be more effective for tendon repair in clinical settings, potentially reducing the risk of gap formation and improving healing outcomes.
156
In the article titled 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes' by Terreros and Daye (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness, complications, and outcomes of a modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy for treating large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
157
How many dogs were included in the study by Terreros and Daye (2020) in the article titled 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes'?
The study included 48 large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
158
According to Terreros and Daye (2020) in the article 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes', what were the key outcomes measured after performing the modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy?
Key outcomes measured included limb function, complication rates, and owner satisfaction.
159
What were the main complications reported by Terreros and Daye (2020) in their article 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes'?
Main complications included infection, implant failure, and delayed healing.
160
In the study by Terreros and Daye (2020) titled 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes', how was owner satisfaction evaluated?
Owner satisfaction was evaluated through a questionnaire and follow-up consultations.
161
What were the midterm to long-term outcomes reported by Terreros and Daye (2020) in their article 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes'?
Midterm to long-term outcomes indicated good to excellent limb function and high owner satisfaction rates.
162
How did Terreros and Daye (2020) in the article 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes' address the issue of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) failures?
The study addressed TPLO failures by offering an alternative surgical approach with the modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy.
163
According to Terreros and Daye (2020) in their article 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes', what was the impact of the modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy on limb function?
The modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy improved limb function significantly, especially in dogs with previous TPLO failures.
164
What surgical techniques were used by Terreros and Daye (2020) in the article titled 'Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy to treat large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: Complications, owner satisfaction, and midterm to long-term outcomes'?
The techniques used included a modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy combined with appropriate fixation methods.
165
What conclusions did Terreros and Daye (2020) draw regarding the effectiveness of the modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy?
Terreros and Daye concluded that the modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy is an effective alternative for managing cranial cruciate ligament ruptures, particularly in large-breed dogs with previous TPLO failures.
166
In the article titled 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series' by Bitton et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to describe the use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs and evaluate their effectiveness.
167
How many cadaver dogs were used in the study by Bitton et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series'?
The study used 10 male dog cadavers and included three clinical cases.
168
According to Bitton et al. (2020) in the article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series', what were the key findings regarding the use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps?
Key findings indicated that the muscle flaps were mobilized without damaging the blood supply, and they provided adequate coverage for the ventral perineal hernia.
169
What were the main complications observed in the clinical cases described by Bitton et al. (2020) in their article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series'?
Main complications in clinical cases included wound dehiscence and mild persistent lameness in a small number of cases.
170
In the study by Bitton et al. (2020) titled 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series', how was the blood supply to the muscle flaps assessed?
The blood supply was assessed using methylene blue injections to visualize the arterial supply to the muscle flaps.
171
What was the surgical technique described by Bitton et al. (2020) in the article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series' for creating the muscle flaps?
The technique involved freeing both the origin and insertion of the superficial gluteal muscle while preserving its blood supply, then transposing the muscle flap to cover the hernia defect.
172
How did Bitton et al. (2020) in the article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series' evaluate the success of the ventral perineal hernia repairs?
Success was evaluated based on the integrity of the repair at follow-up and the absence of hernia recurrence.
173
According to Bitton et al. (2020) in their article 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series', what was the significance of the overlap between the muscle flaps?
The overlap between the muscle flaps was crucial for ensuring a strong repair without tension, reducing the risk of recurrence.
174
What were the long-term outcomes reported by Bitton et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series'?
Long-term outcomes showed that the dogs remained symptom-free with no recurrence of the hernia over the follow-up period.
175
What conclusions did Bitton et al. (2020) draw regarding the clinical application of the bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps?
Bitton et al. concluded that bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps are a viable option for repairing ventral perineal hernias, offering a robust alternative in cases where other methods may not be sufficient.
176
In the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' by Duffy et al. (2020), what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to evaluate the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons repaired with partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
177
How many canine cadaveric tendons were used in the study by Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons'?
The study used 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons for the experiments.
178
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons', what were the two types of circumferential epitendinous suture patterns evaluated?
The study evaluated partial and complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns.
179
What significant result regarding gap formation did Duffy et al. (2020) report in their article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons'?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern significantly reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
180
In the study by Duffy et al. (2020) published in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons', what was the main method used to evaluate biomechanical properties?
The biomechanical properties were evaluated using tensile testing to assess gap formation and ultimate failure strength.
181
Did Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' find any differences in biomechanical properties between the two suture techniques?
Yes, the study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern demonstrated superior biomechanical properties compared to the partial pattern.
182
What was the sample population for the Duffy et al. (2020) study in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons'?
The sample population consisted of 48 canine cadaveric flexor tendons.
183
According to Duffy et al. (2020) in the article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons', what did the study hypothesize about the effect of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The study hypothesized that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern would provide superior biomechanical strength and reduced gap formation compared to the partial pattern.
184
What were the findings of Duffy et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' regarding the strength of the repair techniques?
The study found that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern provided greater resistance to gap formation and higher ultimate failure strength.
185
What clinical significance did Duffy et al. (2020) highlight in their article 'Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons' regarding the use of partial versus complete circumferential epitendinous suture patterns?
The clinical significance highlighted was that the complete circumferential epitendinous suture pattern may be more effective for tendon repair in clinical settings, potentially reducing the risk of gap formation and improving healing outcomes.
186
What was the primary objective of the study in the article titled 'Biomechanical evaluation of an autologous flexor digitorum lateralis graft to augment the surgical repair of gastrocnemius tendon laceration in a canine ex vivo model' by Duffy et al. (2020)?
The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of an autologous flexor digitorum lateralis (FDL) graft to augment a three-loop pulley (3LP) core repair in a canine cadaveric gastrocnemius tendon (GT) laceration model.
187
How many canine cadaveric hind limbs were used in Duffy et al.'s (2020) study on the biomechanical evaluation of an FDL graft for GT laceration?
The study used 26 canine cadaveric hind limbs.
188
What were the key biomechanical outcomes measured in the study 'Biomechanical evaluation of an autologous flexor digitorum lateralis graft to augment the surgical repair of gastrocnemius tendon laceration in a canine ex vivo model'?
The key biomechanical outcomes measured included yield force, peak force, failure force, and the occurrence of gap formation.
189
According to Duffy et al. (2020), how did the use of an FDL graft affect the biomechanical strength of the GT repair compared to using a 3LP core repair alone?
The use of an FDL graft significantly increased the yield, peak, and failure forces by twofold, 2.3-fold, and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared to using a 3LP core repair alone.
190
What were the failure modes observed in the study 'Biomechanical evaluation of an autologous flexor digitorum lateralis graft to augment the surgical repair of gastrocnemius tendon laceration in a canine ex vivo model'?
The failure modes differed between groups; in the 3LP + FDL group, most failures occurred at the myotendinous junction, while in the 3LP alone group, most failures were due to suture pulling through the tendinous tissue.
191
In Duffy et al.'s (2020) study, what impact did the FDL graft have on gap formation during mechanical testing?
The FDL graft prevented the occurrence of 1-mm and 3-mm gaps in the 3LP + FDL group, whereas the 3LP alone group showed significant gap formation under tension.
192
What was the significance of the findings related to gap formation in the study 'Biomechanical evaluation of an autologous flexor digitorum lateralis graft to augment the surgical repair of gastrocnemius tendon laceration in a canine ex vivo model'?
The findings suggest that the FDL graft significantly improves the repair site’s resistance to gap formation, which is crucial for successful tendon healing and reducing the risk of rerupture.
193
According to the article by Duffy et al. (2020), what was the rationale behind choosing the flexor digitorum lateralis (FDL) tendon for grafting in GT repairs?
The FDL was chosen because of its close proximity to the gastrocnemius tendon, ease of harvest, and potential to preserve blood supply, thereby enhancing the biomechanical properties of the repair.
194
What were the main limitations mentioned by Duffy et al. (2020) in their study on the use of an FDL graft for GT repair?
The main limitations included the ex vivo nature of the study, which does not replicate in vivo healing processes, and the use of sharp transection to create tendon injuries, which does not fully mimic chronic degenerative changes seen in clinical cases.
195
What clinical implications did Duffy et al. (2020) suggest based on their findings regarding the use of an FDL graft for GT laceration repair in dogs?
The authors suggested that the FDL graft could be considered for clinical use in canine Achilles tendon injuries to enhance repair site strength and resistance to gap formation, but additional in vivo studies are needed to confirm these benefits.
196
What was the primary objective of the study in the article titled 'Transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery as an alternative to orbital exploratory surgery: A cadaveric study and case report in a dog with an orbital sarcoma' by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
The primary objective was to describe a postcaruncular approach for transorbital endoscopy as an alternative, minimally invasive technique to access the orbital apex.
197
How many cadaver heads were used in the study by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020) to assess the feasibility of transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery?
Three cadaver heads were used in the study, representing different skull conformations: one large breed dolichocephalic, one medium-sized breed mesocephalic, and one small breed brachycephalic.
198
What type of endoscope was used in the study 'Transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery as an alternative to orbital exploratory surgery' by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
A 2.7-mm 30° rigid endoscope fitted with a cystoscope working sheath was used.
199
What were the key anatomical structures visualized during the transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic procedure in the cadaver study by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
Key structures visualized included the medial orbital wall, extraocular muscles, zygomatic salivary gland, optic foramen, orbital fissure, and rostral alar foramen.
200
What complications were noted during the clinical case of transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery in the article by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
Complications included mild to moderate retrobulbar edema, exophthalmia, and chemosis due to fluid irrigation during the procedure.
201
What was the histopathological diagnosis of the orbital mass in the clinical case described by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
The final histopathological diagnosis was an orbital grade II soft tissue sarcoma with incomplete margins and marked lymphoplasmacytic and idiopathic suppurative orbital cellulitis.
202
Why was the transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic approach chosen over more invasive methods in the clinical case reported by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
The approach was chosen because the owners were reluctant to pursue orbital exploratory surgery or exenteration without a histological diagnosis, and the endoscopic approach offered a minimally invasive alternative.
203
What were the limitations mentioned by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020) regarding the transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery?
Limitations included the ex vivo nature of the cadaver study, the novelty of the technique requiring further evaluation, and the small number of clinical cases.
204
What future studies did Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020) suggest based on their findings in the article 'Transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery as an alternative to orbital exploratory surgery'?
The authors suggested that additional clinical case studies are warranted to determine the feasibility, potential complications, and ability of this approach to reliably preserve vision.
205
What was the clinical significance of the transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic technique as concluded by Espinheira Gomes et al. (2020)?
The technique was deemed feasible and minimally invasive, preserving the appearance of the dog's head while allowing biopsy of the orbital apex, and it should be considered as an alternative to more invasive procedures.
206
What was the primary objective of the study in the article titled 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle' by Schlag et al. (2020)?
The primary objective was to describe outcomes in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA) and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease treated with center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) combined with cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWO).
207
How many dogs were included in the study by Schlag et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle'?
The study included 21 dogs with a total of 28 stifles.
208
What was the mean tibial plateau angle (TPA) preoperatively and postoperatively in the study by Schlag et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle'?
The mean preoperative TPA was 43°, and the mean postoperative TPA was 10°.
209
What complications were observed in the study 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle' by Schlag et al. (2020)?
Complications included pin migration, breakage of proximal screws, late-onset caudolateral band CrCL tear, late-onset meniscal tears, and one surgical site infection.
210
What was the outcome of the osteotomy healing as reported in the study by Schlag et al. (2020) in the article 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle'?
All osteotomies achieved grade 4 healing by 8 weeks postoperatively.
211
What were the long-term functional outcomes for the dogs in the study 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle' by Schlag et al. (2020)?
Eighteen dogs returned to full function, and three dogs achieved acceptable function at a mean follow-up of 27 months.
212
Why was the combination of CBLO and CCWO used in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA) as discussed in the article by Schlag et al. (2020)?
The combination was used to achieve better stabilization by modifying the TPA to reduce abnormal femoral-tibial translation and to provide an alternative surgical solution for dogs with CrCL disease and eTPA.
213
What additional support was sometimes added during the surgery described in the article 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle' by Schlag et al. (2020)?
In particularly active dogs, additional support was provided using a Kirschner wire or a standard cortical screw.
214
What was the main limitation of the study 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle' by Schlag et al. (2020)?
The main limitation was the retrospective nature of the study and the relatively small sample size, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
215
What future research did Schlag et al. (2020) suggest in their article 'Center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy combined with a coplanar cranial closing wedge ostectomy to manage cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle'?
The authors suggested future research should include objective examination using force plate analysis in preoperative, immediate postoperative, and long-term postoperative periods to further validate the effectiveness of the CBLO/CCWO technique.
216
In the article titled 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs' by Nakahara et al. (2020) published in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery, what was the primary objective of the study?
The primary objective was to describe the use of haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps to repair large hard palate defects in dogs.
217
How many dogs were included in the study by Nakahara et al. (2020) in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery article titled 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs'?
The study included three dogs with hard palate defects.
218
According to Nakahara et al. (2020) in the article titled 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs' published in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery, what were the main challenges faced in repairing hard palate defects in dogs?
The main challenges included ensuring adequate blood supply to the flaps and achieving tension-free closure over the defect.
219
What surgical technique was primarily used in the article 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs' by Nakahara et al. (2020) published in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery?
The surgical technique involved harvesting haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps and using them to cover the hard palate defect.
220
In Nakahara et al.'s (2020) study published in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery titled 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs,' what were the outcomes of the surgical procedure?
The outcomes were successful in all cases, with all dogs showing good healing and no significant complications.
221
How was the success of the surgery assessed in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery article 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs' by Nakahara et al. (2020)?
Success was assessed based on the healing of the flap, the absence of infection or dehiscence, and the return to normal eating and drinking behavior in the dogs.
222
What were the key advantages of using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps as described by Nakahara et al. (2020) in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery article titled 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs'?
Key advantages included the robust blood supply of the flaps and the ability to achieve tension-free closure, which are critical for the successful healing of large defects.
223
In the Journal of Veterinary Surgery article 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs' by Nakahara et al. (2020), what were the long-term outcomes for the dogs following surgery?
Long-term outcomes were positive, with all dogs maintaining intact flaps and no recurrence of the defects.
224
What limitations did Nakahara et al. (2020) mention in their Journal of Veterinary Surgery article 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs'?
The limitations included the small sample size and the need for further studies to confirm the long-term viability and effectiveness of this surgical technique in a larger population.
225
According to Nakahara et al. (2020) in the Journal of Veterinary Surgery article titled 'Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs,' what future research directions were suggested?
Future research was suggested to focus on the long-term outcomes in a larger group of dogs and to explore alternative flap techniques for hard palate defect repair.
