123. Middle and Inner Ear Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the primary blood supply to the external ear canal? (A) Great auricular artery (B) External carotid artery (C) Maxillary vein (D) Internal carotid artery
A
A: Great auricular artery
2
Q
- Which nerve provides motor innervation to the external ear canal? (A) Vagus nerve (B) Trigeminal nerve (C) Facial nerve (D) Glossopharyngeal nerve
A
C: Facial nerve
3
Q
- The auricular cartilage in the dog is also known as which of the following? (A) Scapha (B) Helix (C) Tragus (D) Antitragus
A
A: Scapha
4
Q
- What is the primary function of the pinna? (A) Cooling mechanism (B) Sound focusing and localization (C) Protecting the ear canal (D) Hair growth regulation
A
B: Sound focusing and localization
5
Q
- In which species is the osseous external auditory meatus more flared? (A) Dogs (B) Cats (C) Horses (D) Rabbits
A
B: Cats
6
Q
- What structure demarcates the lateral margin of the ear canal? (A) Helix (B) Tragus (C) Antitragus (D) Scutiform cartilage
A
B: Tragus
7
Q
- Which gland type is more numerous in the vertical ear canal compared to the horizontal ear canal? (A) Sebaceous glands (B) Ceruminous glands (C) Salivary glands (D) Sweat glands
A
B: Ceruminous glands
8
Q
- What type of epithelium lines the external ear canal? (A) Simple columnar epithelium (B) Stratified squamous epithelium (C) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (D) Transitional epithelium
A
B: Stratified squamous epithelium
9
Q
- Which breed is most at risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna? (A) Labrador Retriever (B) German Shepherd (C) White cat (D) Dachshund
A
C: White cat
10
Q
- What is the most common cause of aural hematoma in dogs? (A) Trauma from ear scratching (B) Foreign bodies (C) Autoimmune disease (D) Infections
A
A: Trauma from ear scratching
11
Q
- Which is the preferred imaging modality to assess middle ear disease in dogs? (A) Radiography (B) Ultrasound (C) CT scan (D) MRI
A
C: CT scan
12
Q
- What is the main risk of excessive debridement during bulla osteotomy? (A) Otitis externa (B) Facial nerve damage (C) Hypertrophic scarring (D) Cerumen overproduction
A
B: Facial nerve damage
13
Q
- Which tumor is considered most common on the feline pinna? (A) Mast cell tumor (B) Basal cell tumor (C) Squamous cell carcinoma (D) Hemangioma
A
C: Squamous cell carcinoma
14
Q
- Which artery is at risk during aggressive debridement of the medial bulla wall? (A) External carotid artery (B) Internal carotid artery (C) Maxillary artery (D) Auricular artery
A
B: Internal carotid artery
15
Q
- Which congenital condition can lead to external auditory canal atresia? (A) Otitis media (B) Facial nerve paralysis (C) Improper development of branchial clefts (D) Squamous cell carcinoma
A
C: Improper development of branchial clefts
16
Q
- What is a common primary cause of otitis externa in cats? (A) Food allergy (B) Foreign bodies (C) Otodectes cynotis (D) Atopic dermatitis
A
C: Otodectes cynotis
17
Q
- Which method is most effective for visualizing the tympanic membrane? (A) Hand-held otoscope (B) Video-otoscope (C) Ultrasound (D) Plain radiography
A
B: Video-otoscope
18
Q
- What is the main histological feature of chronic otitis externa? (A) Hyperplasia of ceruminous glands (B) Reduction of sebaceous glands (C) Lysis of auricular cartilage (D) Decrease in epithelial cells
A
A: Hyperplasia of ceruminous glands
19
Q
- How does the vertical ear canal in cats differ from dogs? (A) Cylindrical shape (B) Tapers ventrally (C) Flared rostrally (D) No difference
A
B: Tapers ventrally
20
Q
- What is the most common bacterial isolate in canine otitis externa? (A) Escherichia coli (B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C) Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (D) Proteus mirabilis
A
C: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
21
Q
- Which breed is overrepresented in cases requiring total ear canal ablation? (A) Poodles (B) Cocker Spaniels (C) German Shepherds (D) Beagles
A
B: Cocker Spaniels
22
Q
- What structure forms a protective border at the entrance of the ear canal? (A) Tragus (B) Helix (C) Scapha (D) Antitragus
A
A: Tragus
23
Q
- Which diagnostic technique is essential when suspecting otitis media? (A) Fine needle aspirate (B) Canalography (C) Myelography (D) Myringotomy
A
D: Myringotomy
24
Q
- Which of the following tumors on the pinna has the best prognosis after excision? (A) Basal cell carcinoma (B) Squamous cell carcinoma (C) Hemangiosarcoma (D) Mast cell tumor
A
A: Basal cell carcinoma
25
Q
- What is a common complication following total ear canal ablation in cats? (A) Epistaxis (B) Horner’s syndrome (C) Hyperadrenocorticism (D) Otitis externa
A
B: Horner’s syndrome
26
Q
- What is the most common yeast isolated in cases of canine otitis externa? (A) Candida albicans (B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (C) Malassezia pachydermatis (D) Aspergillus fumigatus
A
C: Malassezia pachydermatis
27
Q
- What is the most effective treatment for actinic keratoses on the pinna of cats? (A) Antibiotics (B) Topical corticosteroids (C) Pinnectomy (D) Radiation therapy
A
C: Pinnectomy
28
Q
- Which surgical procedure is indicated for irreversible hyperplastic otitis of the vertical ear canal? (A) Lateral wall resection (B) Total ear canal ablation (C) Vertical ear canal ablation (D) Otoscopic lavage
A
C: Vertical ear canal ablation
29
Q
- Which of the following conditions commonly causes para-aural abscess formation after ear surgery? (A) Retained epithelial remnants (B) Ceruminous hyperplasia (C) Allergic dermatitis (D) Ear mites
A
A: Retained epithelial remnants
30
Q
- What is the recommended treatment for aural squamous cell carcinoma in cats? (A) Chemotherapy (B) Total ear canal ablation (C) Partial pinnectomy (D) Cryotherapy
A
C: Partial pinnectomy
31
Q
- What nerve is commonly affected by trauma during total ear canal ablation? (A) Optic nerve (B) Vagus nerve (C) Hypoglossal nerve (D) Facial nerve
A
D: Facial nerve
32
Q
- Which structure should be avoided during aggressive bulla curettage? (A) Retroglenoid vein (B) Round window (C) Annular cartilage (D) Scutiform cartilage
A
B: Round window
33
Q
- Which imaging modality provides the best assessment of bulla involvement in chronic otitis? (A) Radiographs (B) Ultrasound (C) CT scan (D) Contrast canalography
A
C: CT scan
34
Q
- What is the most common cause of recurrent otitis externa in dogs? (A) Foreign bodies (B) Autoimmune disease (C) Allergies (D) Bacterial overgrowth
A
C: Allergies
35
Q
- In a dog with bilateral otitis externawhat percentage of samples show different isolates between ears? (A) 18% (B) 42% (C) 68% (D) 90%
A
C: 68%
36
Q
- What is the typical location for mast cell tumors on the pinna of cats? (A) Tip of the ear (B) Base of the pinna (C) Medial concave surface (D) Lateral convex surface
A
B: Base of the pinna
37
Q
- Which surgical technique is preferred for removing polyps originating from the middle ear in cats? (A) Lateral wall resection (B) Ventral bulla osteotomy (C) Total ear canal ablation (D) Vertical ear canal incision
A
B: Ventral bulla osteotomy
38
Q
- Which of the following tumors is most likely to metastasize in dogs? (A) Hemangioma (B) Basal cell carcinoma (C) Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma (D) Papilloma
A
C: Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma
39
Q
- What is a common indication for subtotal pinnectomy in dogs? (A) Actinic keratosis (B) Hemangioma (C) Sebaceous adenoma (D) Basal cell tumor
A
A: Actinic keratosis
40
Q
- Which factor contributes to stenosis of the external ear canal in chronic otitis cases? (A) Hyperplasia of hair follicles (B) Hyperkeratinization (C) Reduced glandular secretion (D) Increased blood flow
A
B: Hyperkeratinization
41
Q
- What is the most common clinical sign of otitis media in cats? (A) Sneezing (B) Dysphagia (C) Head tilt (D) Diarrhea
A
C: Head tilt
42
Q
- What is the recommended surgical treatment for canine chronic otitis externa with stenosis? (A) Lateral wall resection (B) Total ear canal ablation (C) Vertical ear canal resection (D) Laser therapy
A
B: Total ear canal ablation
43
Q
- Which breed is predisposed to ear canal tumors, especially ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma? (A) Golden Retriever (B) Cocker Spaniel (C) Dachshund (D) Poodle
A
B: Cocker Spaniel
44
Q
- What is the main advantage of a video-otoscope over a hand-held otoscope? (A) Reduced cost (B) Higher magnification (C) Better patient compliance (D) Less sedation required
A
B: Higher magnification
45
Q
- Which antibiotic is commonly used postoperatively for ear canal surgeries? (A) Amoxicillin (B) Ciprofloxacin (C) Cephalexin (D) Metronidazole
A
C: Cephalexin
46
Q
- What complication can result from excessive curettage during bulla osteotomy in cats? (A) Horner’s syndrome (B) Hyperthyroidism (C) Epistaxis (D) Blindness
A
A: Horner’s syndrome
47
Q
- Which condition is characterized by erythema
A
hyperkeratosis
48
Q
- What is a primary indication for using cryotherapy on the pinna? (A) Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma (B) Squamous cell carcinoma < 1 cm (C) Mast cell tumor > 2 cm (D) Papilloma > 5 cm
A
B: Squamous cell carcinoma < 1 cm
49
Q
- Which structure provides sensory innervation to the external ear canal? (A) Trigeminal nerve (B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (C) Vagus nerve (D) Hypoglossal nerve
A
C: Vagus nerve
50
Q
- In cases of pinna trauma with full-thickness lacerations what is the best surgical approach? (A) Second intention healing (B) CO2 laser ablation (C) Primary repair with suturing (D) Cryotherapy
A
(C) Primary repair with suturing
