87. Soft Tissues of the Oral Cavity Flashcards
What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the lips and cheeks in dogs and cats?
Cranial Nerve VII (facial nerve)
Name the only two salivary glands that empty into the oral vestibule.
Zygomatic and parotid salivary glands
What are the three primary functions of the tongue in the oral cavity?
Food prehension, mastication, and swallowing
Where does the root of the tongue attach within the oral cavity?
The oropharynx
What muscle group in the tongue is responsible for precise movements and is controlled by the hypoglossal nerve?
Intrinsic muscles
Describe the role of the lyssa in the tongue of some mammals.
It may serve as a stretch receptor for the tongue.
What type of papillae on the tongue are gustatory?
Fungiform, vallate, and foliate papillae
Which nerve is involved in taste, pain, heat, and sensation on the tongue?
Trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves
What is the primary blood supply to the tongue?
Lingual artery
What is the main function of the soft palate during deglutition?
To protect the nasopharynx from food during deglutition
Where is the palatine tonsil located within the oral cavity?
Immediately rostral to the dorsolateral aspect of each palatopharyngeal arch
What are the three phases of deglutition?
Oropharyngeal, esophageal, and gastroesophageal phases
What cranial nerves are involved in the oral phase of swallowing?
Cranial nerves V, VII, and XII
What is the primary cause of structural abnormalities in the lips and cheeks in dogs and cats?
Congenital defects
What is a sublingual ranula?
Submucosal accumulation of saliva on the ventrolateral aspect of the tongue
What type of tissue forms the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Skeletal muscle
Which nerve controls the muscles of the soft palate?
Cranial nerves IX and X
What is a common congenital defect affecting the lips in dogs?
Primary cleft palate
What is the main function of the hypoglossal nerve in relation to the tongue?
Motor control of the tongue muscles
Which arteries supply blood to the lips in dogs and cats?
Branches of the facial and infraorbital arteries
What is the primary site for lingual melanomas in large-breed dogs?
Ventral portion of the tongue near the frenulum
What muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing?
Levator veli palatini
What part of the tonsil is responsible for the immune response?
Lymphoid tissue
What is the condition called where there is an abnormal accumulation of saliva under the tongue?
Ranula
What are the major clinical signs of oral disease in small animals?
Ptyalism, dysphagia, inappetence, weight loss, pain, halitosis, oral hemorrhage
What structure separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during swallowing?
Soft palate
What muscle retracts and depresses the tongue?
Hyoglossus muscle
What is the function of the palatine tonsils?
Recognize, process, and respond to antigens
What is the primary risk associated with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in dogs?
Early metastasis to regional lymph nodes
What are the functions of the tongue’s intrinsic muscles?
Protruding and controlling fine movements of the tongue
What cranial nerves control the pharyngeal stage of swallowing?
Cranial nerves IX and X
What is the medical term for difficulty swallowing?
Dysphagia
What condition can result from repetitive injury to the tongue and causes ectopic mineralization?
Calcinosis circumscripta
Which breeds are predisposed to tight lip syndrome?
Shar-Peis
What cranial nerve is primarily responsible for taste sensation?
Facial nerve
What is a common presenting sign of lingual abscesses in dogs?
Lethargy, ptyalism, and anorexia
What is the primary treatment for lingual abscesses?
Incising to allow passive drainage
What is the primary function of conical papillae on the feline tongue?
Facilitating grooming by acting like a comb
What is the main blood vessel responsible for draining blood from the tongue?
Lingual vein
What is the primary purpose of the frenulum in the tongue?
Attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the lips and cheeks?
Trigeminal nerve
Which breed is prone to ankyloglossia (tongue-tie)?
Anatolian Shepherd Dogs
What is a common clinical sign associated with oral tumors?
Halitosis
What cranial nerves are involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
Cranial nerves IX and X
What is the primary cause of drooling in animals with lip fold dermatitis?
Excessive drooling
What is the medical term for the space lateral to the teeth and inside the cheeks?
Oral vestibule
What structure prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?
Epiglottis
What is the main complication of electrical burns in the oral cavity?
Delayed necrosis and tissue loss
What is the primary function of the minor palatine artery in the oral cavity?
Supplying blood to the soft palate
What cranial nerve innervates the tonsils in dogs and cats?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is a characteristic finding of squamous cell carcinoma in the tonsils of dogs?
Enlarged, often friable and ulcerated appearance
Which component of the oral cavity proper refers to the space between the lower and upper dental arcades? A) Oral vestibule B) Oropharynx C) Oral cavity proper D) Buccal space
C) Oral cavity proper
What structure in the oral cavity is primarily responsible for the retention of saliva? A) Tongue B) Lips and cheeks C) Soft palate D) Hard palate
B) Lips and cheeks
Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the lips and cheeks in dogs and cats? A) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) B) Facial nerve (CN VII) C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) D) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
B) Facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? A) Food prehension B) Thermoregulation C) Intricate movements D) Swallowing
C) Intricate movements
Which artery is the principal blood supply to the tongue? A) Facial artery B) Maxillary artery C) Lingual artery D) Carotid artery
C) Lingual artery
Which structure on the tongue serves as a potential stretch receptor? A) Frenulum B) Lyssa C) Filiform papillae D) Fungiform papillae
B) Lyssa
What is the function of the palatine tonsils in dogs and cats? A) Aiding in digestion B) Immune response to antigens C) Structural support D) Tasting food
B) Immune response to antigens
Where are the lingual tonsils located in dogs and cats? A) On the roof of the mouth B) At the base of the tongue C) Within the cheek tissue D) On the palate
B) At the base of the tongue
What phase of deglutition is completely voluntary? A) Oropharyngeal B) Oral C) Esophageal D) Pharyngeal
B) Oral
Which nerve is responsible for motor control of the muscles in the oral phase of deglutition? A) CN V B) CN VII C) CN IX D) CN XII
A) CN V
Which action prevents food from entering the airway during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing? A) The soft palate raises B) The epiglottis covers the glottis C) The pharynx closes D) The larynx lowers
B) The epiglottis covers the glottis
What is the final stage of deglutition? A) Pharyngeal B) Esophageal C) Oral D) Oropharyngeal
B) Esophageal
Which clinical sign is NOT typically associated with oral disease? A) Ptyalism B) Dysphagia C) Vomiting D) Halitosis
C) Vomiting
Which imaging technique is more sensitive for detecting retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement? A) Ultrasound B) MRI C) CT scan D) Radiography
C) CT scan
What is a common finding in animals with congenital oral disorders? A) Failure to thrive B) Enhanced appetite C) Increased aggression D) Reduced vocalization
A) Failure to thrive
What type of biopsy is preferred for an oral mass when surgical planning is needed? A) Excisional biopsy B) Incisional biopsy C) Needle biopsy D) Punch biopsy
B) Incisional biopsy
Which muscle is responsible for depressing and retracting the tongue? A) Styloglossus B) Hyoglossus C) Genioglossus D) Geniohyoid
B) Hyoglossus
What type of papillae on the tongue contain taste buds? A) Filiform papillae B) Fungiform papillae C) Conical papillae D) Foliate papillae
B) Fungiform papillae
Which cranial nerves control the muscles of the soft palate? A) CN V and CN VII B) CN IX and CN X C) CN XI and CN XII D) CN III and CN IV
B) CN IX and CN X
Which muscle elevates the soft palate? A) Levator veli palatini B) Tensor veli palatini C) Palatopharyngeal D) Pterygopharyngeal
A) Levator veli palatini
What is the location of the lingual vein in relation to the tongue’s frenulum? A) Adjacent to each side B) Under the tongue C) Across the tongue D) On top of the tongue
A) Adjacent to each side
The presence of attached or loose cartilage flaps in osteochondrosis is characteristic of which condition? A) Osteochondrosis latens B) Osteochondrosis dissecans C) Osteoarthritis D) Synovitis
B) Osteochondrosis dissecans
What is the function of the mandibular and sublingual ducts? A) Lubricate the tongue B) Carry saliva to the sublingual caruncle C) Assist in vocalization D) Aid in food prehension
B) Carry saliva to the sublingual caruncle
What is the purpose of the lyssa in the tongue? A) Aids in grooming B) Stretch receptor C) Taste sensation D) Food prehension
B) Stretch receptor
Which type of papillae on the feline tongue act as combs for grooming? A) Filiform B) Fungiform C) Conical D) Vallate
A) Filiform
What is the primary role of the soft palate during swallowing? A) Seals off the nasopharynx B) Protects the tongue C) Blocks food from entering the mouth D) Enhances taste
A) Seals off the nasopharynx
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) in the tongue? A) Sensory input B) Motor control C) Pain sensation D) Taste sensation
B) Motor control
Which nerve is involved in the sensory innervation of the tongue? A) Hypoglossal nerve B) Facial nerve C) Trigeminal nerve D) Glossopharyngeal nerve
C) Trigeminal nerve
What is the main cause of cleft palate in dogs? A) Genetic defect B) Trauma C) Nutritional deficiency D) Viral infection
A) Genetic defect
What type of tissue predominantly covers the dorsal surface of the tongue? A) Stratified squamous epithelium B) Cartilaginous tissue C) Glandular tissue D) Nervous tissue
A) Stratified squamous epithelium
Which nerve provides motor innervation to the lips and cheeks in dogs and cats? A) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) B) Facial nerve (CN VII) C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) Facial nerve (CN VII)
Which layer of the lips and cheeks is the innermost layer? A) Integument layer B) Muscular layer C) Fibroelastic layer D) Mucosal layer
D) Mucosal layer
Which artery primarily supplies blood to the upper lip and cheek? A) Lingual artery B) Infraorbital artery C) Facial artery D) Maxillary artery
B) Infraorbital artery
What muscle depresses and retracts the tongue? A) Styloglossus B) Hyoglossus C) Genioglossus D) Geniohyoid
B) Hyoglossus
Which nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? A) Facial nerve (CN VII) B) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) D) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Which structure on the tongue functions as a potential stretch receptor? A) Frenulum B) Lyssa C) Filiform papillae D) Fungiform papillae
B) Lyssa
Which type of papillae on the tongue contains taste buds? A) Filiform papillae B) Fungiform papillae C) Conical papillae D) Foliate papillae
B) Fungiform papillae
What is the main blood supply to the tongue? A) Facial artery B) Maxillary artery C) Lingual artery D) Carotid artery
C) Lingual artery
Which cranial nerves are involved in controlling the muscles of the soft palate? A) CN V and CN VII B) CN IX and CN X C) CN XI and CN XII D) CN III and CN IV
B) CN IX and CN X
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the soft palate? A) Levator veli palatini B) Tensor veli palatini C) Palatopharyngeal D) Pterygopharyngeal
A) Levator veli palatini
What is the primary function of the palatine tonsils in dogs and cats? A) Aiding in digestion B) Immune response to antigens C) Structural support D) Tasting food
B) Immune response to antigens
Where are the lingual tonsils located in dogs and cats? A) On the roof of the mouth B) At the base of the tongue C) Within the cheek tissue D) On the palate
B) At the base of the tongue
What phase of deglutition is completely voluntary? A) Oropharyngeal B) Oral C) Esophageal D) Pharyngeal
B) Oral
Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation for the oral phase of deglutition? A) CN V B) CN VII C) CN IX D) CN XII
A) CN V
During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, what action prevents food from entering the airway? A) The soft palate raises B) The epiglottis covers the glottis C) The pharynx closes D) The larynx lowers
B) The epiglottis covers the glottis
What is the final stage of deglutition? A) Pharyngeal B) Esophageal C) Oral D) Oropharyngeal
B) Esophageal
Which clinical sign is NOT typically associated with oral disease? A) Ptyalism B) Dysphagia C) Vomiting D) Halitosis
C) Vomiting
Which imaging technique is more sensitive for detecting retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement? A) Ultrasound B) MRI C) CT scan D) Radiography
C) CT scan
What is a common finding in animals with congenital oral disorders? A) Failure to thrive B) Enhanced appetite C) Increased aggression D) Reduced vocalization
A) Failure to thrive
What type of biopsy is preferred for an oral mass when surgical planning is needed? A) Excisional biopsy B) Incisional biopsy C) Needle biopsy D) Punch biopsy
B) Incisional biopsy
