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GU > Testicular Cancer and Scrotal Disease* > Flashcards

Testicular Cancer and Scrotal Disease* Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of testicular cancer

A 
Germ cell (Seminoma and Teratoma)
Non Germ cell (Sertoli, Leydig and Sarcoma)
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2
Q

What is the most commomn type of testicular cancer

A

Germ cell Seminoma

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3
Q

What are the RF for Testicular cancer

A

Young male
Chryptochordism
Infertility
FHx

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4
Q

What is the presentation of Testicular cancer

A

Painless lump in testicle
-No translumination

No Translumination

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5
Q

How is testicular cancer investigated

A 
Doppler USS (Gold)
AFP raised = teratoma
BhCG raised = seminoma
LDH raised in most tumours
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6
Q

Which tumour marker is raised in testicular teratoma

A

AFP

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7
Q

If a patient also presents w/ coughing, what should be considered

A

Chest XR for lung mets.

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8
Q

What is an Epididymal cyst

A

Extratesticular cyst
-Found above and behind testes
-Transluminates

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9
Q

How is an epididymal cyst diagnosed

A

USS Scrotum

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10
Q

Where is an epididymal cyst found

A

Above and behind testes

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11
Q

What is Hydrocele

A

Fluid filled Tunica Vaginalis
-Surrounding testicles
-Transluminates

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12
Q

How is Hydrocele diagnosed

A

USS Scrotum

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13
Q

What is Varicocele

A

Distended pampiniform plexus due to increased left renal vein pressure

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14
Q

How does varicocele present

A

Like a bag of worms on left side

Painless

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15
Q

How is varicocele diagnosed

A

Clinical exam

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16
Q

What is testicular torsion

A

Spermatic cord strangulates = testicular artery occlusion = ischemia = testis gangrene

17
Q

What are the RF for Testicular torsion

A

bell clapper deformity (testes lie horizontal)

18
Q

How does a patient present w/testicular torsion

A 
Severe unitesticular pain
"cant walk"
abdo pain
N+V
Lost cremasteric reflex
No relief w/ elevation
19
Q

Which reflex is lost in testicular torsion

A

Cremasteric

20
Q

How is testicular torsion investigated

A

Surgical exploration

USS to check blood flow

21
Q

How is Testicular torsion treated

A 
Urgent surgical exploration <6hr
Bilateral Orchiplexy (fix testes to scrotal sac)
22
Q

What is bilateral orchiplexy

A

Fixes testes to scrotal sac to overcome Bell Clapper deformity

GU (10 decks)

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