General UTI* Flashcards
Where does pyelonephritis occur
Upper kidney
What UTI occurs at the lower kidney
Cystitis
Prostatitis
Urethritis
Epididymo-Orchitis
How does prostatitis present
Perianal pain during orgasm
What are the common causatives of UTI (KEEPS)
Klebsiella Enterobacter E Coli Proteus S Sapro
What is the most common causative organism of UTI
UPEC (Uropathogenic E Coli)
Why are females more affected than males in UTI
Females have shorter urethra so its easier for bacteria to colonise form the anus
How are all UTIs Diagnosed
1st = Urine dipstick Gold = Midstream MC+S
What are the results of a positive Urine dipstick for UTI
Leukocytes
Nitrites
Haematuria sometimes
Why is a urine dipstick positive for nitrites
Bacteria breaks nitrates into nitrites
What is Pyelonephritis
Upper ureter and Renal parenchymal infection typically caused by UPEC
What are the RF for Pyelonephritis
Urine stones
Renal structure change
Catheters
How does a patient with PN present
Loin pain w/ fever and pyuria
N+V
What is Pyuria
Pus in urine
How is PN Treated
Abx = Ciprofloxacin/ Co Amoxiclav
How is a pregnant PN patient treated if they can’t have Ciprofloxacin or Co Amoxiclav
Cefalexin
What is Cystitis
UPEC infection of the bladder
What are the RF for Cystitis
Urine stones
Bladder lining damaged
Catheters
How does a patent w/ Cystitis present
Suprapubic tenderness
Storage Sx - Frequency and Urgency
Haematuria
How is Cystitis treated
Trimethoprim/Nitrofurontoin
CI = Amoxicillin
How is a pregnant cystitis patient treated
Amoxicillin
What is Urethritis
Urethral Inflammation (+/Infection) typically sexually acquired
What are the two infective causatives of Urethritis
N Gonorrhea (Negative Diplococcus) Chlamydia Trochamatis (Negative Bacillus)
what are the RF for Urethritis
Unprotected sex
Male-Male
How does a patient with urethritis present
Dysuria
Discharge
Uretrhal pain
What are the investigations for STI as cause of urethritis
NAAT
-Nucleic acid amplification
How is Gonorrohea treated
IM Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin
How is Chlamydia treated
Azithromycin
In what disease does urethritis play a part in a triad of presentations
Reactive arthritis
- Cant See
- Cant Pee
- Cant Climb a tree
What is Epididymo Orchitis
Inflammation of epididymus extending to the testes typically as a result of Urethritis/Cystitis
How does a patient w/ EO present
Unilateral scrotal pain/swelling
Pain relief w/ lifting testis
Creamasteric Reflex remains
What differential of EO presents with Pain persisting when elevating testis and loss of cremasteric reflex
Testicular Torsion due to Bell Clapper deformity
How is EO Investigated
NAAT (Rule out STI)
Urine Dip and Midstream MCS
How is Gonorrhea causing EO treated
Cetriaxone and azithromycin
How is Chlamydia causing EO treated
Azithromycin
How is UPEC causing EO Treated
Trimethoprim/ Nitrofurontoin
How is KEEPS causing EO treated
Ciprofloxacin or Co Amoxiclav
