Testicular cancer Flashcards
What age is the highest incidence?
15-35 years
What are the two types?
Seminomas
Non-seminomas
Risk factors?
Undescended testes
Male infertility
FHx
Increased height
What is presentation?
painless testicular lump
How will lumps appear on examination
Non-tender
Arising from testicle
Hard
Irregular
Not fluctuant
no transillumination
How can Leydig cells present?
gYNAECOMASTIA
What is initial investigation
Scrotal USS
What tumour markers would you consider doing? For what types of cancer?
Alpha fetoprotein - raised in teratomas
Beta-hCG - raised in both teratomas and seminomas
LDH
What staging system is used? explain the stages
Royal Marsden Staging System
1 - isolated to testicle
2 - spread to retroperitoneal LN
3 - spread to LN above diaphragm
4 - mets
What are common places for mets?
Lymphatics
Lungs
Liver
Brain
What are long term side effects of treatment?
Infertility
Hypogonadism
Peripheral neuropathy
Hearing loss
What is the cure rate
90%
