Obstructive uropathy

Question 1

How does lower urinary tract obstruction present?

Answer 1

can’t pass urine
retention
AKI

Question 1

How does upper urinary tract obstruction present?

Answer 1

Loin to groin pain
Reduced or no UO
Non-specific sx such as vomiting
AKI

Question 2

Causes of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 2

Kidney stones
Tumours pressing on the ureters
Ureter strictures
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Bladder cancer
Ureterocele

Question 3

Causes of lower urinary tract obstruction

Answer 3

BPH
Prostate cancer
Bladder cancer
Urethral strictures
Neurogenic bladder

Question 4

What is neurogenic bladder

Answer 4

Lacking control over the bladder due to abnormal function of the nerves innervating the bladder and urethra

Question 5

What are causes of neurogenic bladder

Answer 5

MS
Diabetes
Stroke
Parkinson’s disease
Brain/spinal cord injury
Spina bifida

Question 6

What is treatment of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 6

Nephrostomy

Question 7

What is management of a lower urinary tract obstruction

Answer 7

Catheter

Question 8

Complications of obstructive uropathy

Answer 8

Pain
AKI
CKD
Infection
Hydronephrosis
Retention
Overflow incontinence

Question 9

What causes idiopathic hydronephrosis?

Answer 9

narrowing at the pelviureteric junction

Question 10

How can hydronephrosis be relieved ?

Answer 10

Percutaneous nephrostomy
Antegrade ureteric stent