Renal cell carcinoma

Question 1

What is the most common type of RCC?

Answer 1

Adenocarcinoma

Question 2

What are the three most common subtypes of renal cell adenocarcinoma

Answer 2

Clear cell
Papillary
Chromophobe

Question 3

What tumour is common in children?

Answer 3

Wilms tumour

Question 5

Presentation?

Answer 5

Asymptomatic
Haematuria
Vague loin pain
Sx of cancer
Palpable renal mass

Question 6

Who should have 2WW?

Answer 6

> 45 yrs with unexplained visible haematuria

Question 7

Where does RCC tend to spread?

Answer 7

Renal vein then IVC
Lungs - cannonball mets

Question 8

What paraneoplastic syndromes is RCC associated with?

Answer 8

Polythcythaemia - secretion of unregulated ePO
Hypercalcaemia - secretion of hormone mimicking PTH or bony mets
HTN
Stauffer’s syndrome - abnormal LFTs

Question 9

What investigation should be done

Answer 9

CT TAP

Question 10

What are surgical treatment options

Answer 10

Partial nephrectomy
Radical nephrectomy

Question 11

What are non-surgical options?

Answer 11

1. Arterial embolisation
2. Percutaneous cryotherapy - liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill tumour cells
3. Radiofrequency ablation
   Chemo and radiotherapy