Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urology > Kidney stones > Flashcards

Kidney stones Flashcards

1
Q

What are key complications

A

Obstruction
Infection (obstructive pyelonephritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium based
Calcium oxalate
Calcium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which type of stones are not visible on X-ray ?

A

Uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of kidney stone is associated with infection ?

A

Struvite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of stone is associated with autosomal recessive disease?

A

Cystine - associated wit cystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of stone is associated with stag horn calculus? how does this happen ?

A

Struvite
Recurrent upper UTIs - bacteria can hydrolyse the urea in urine to ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do they present?

A

Renal colic - unilateral loin to groin pain
Colicky
Haematuria
N+V
Reduced UO
Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What investigations would you do?

A

Urine dipstick
Bloods - including serum calcium
Abdo XR - for calcium based scans
Non-contrast CT KUB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a risk factor for stones?

A

hypercalcaemia - calcium supplementation, hyperparathyroidism and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are pain management options?

A

NSAIDs - IM diclofenac
Opiates not very helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management of stones <5mm

A

Watchful waiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long can it take for the stone to pass

A

several weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when are surgical options usually eequired?

A

10mm or larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What medication can help aid pass stones?

A

tamsulosin - alpha blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are surgical options?

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy - ESWL
Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy PCNL - sometimes with nephostomy left in
Open surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What advice would you give to a patient after they have had a stone

A

Increase oral intake
Lemon juice to water
avoid carbonated drinks
Reduce dietary salt intake
Normal calcium intake

17
Q

Specific advice for calcium stones?

A

Reduce oxalate rich foods e.g. spinach, beetroot, nuts, rhubarb, black tea

18
Q

Specific advice for uric acid stones

A

Reduce intake of purine rich foods - kidney, liver, anchovies, spinach

19
Q

What meds can help reduce the risk of recurrence? for which specific type of stones do they help?

A

Potassium citrate for calcium oxalate stones and raised urinary calcium
Thiazide diuretics e.g. indapamide for same

20
Q
A

Urology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions