Testes and Scrotum Flashcards
Male Reproductive Organs
Glandular Contribution to Semen
Testosterone
Develop & f of testes
Sexual behavior & drive
Growth & dev of other organs & tissues
Testes
Suspended in scrotum
Scrotum- pouch of skin w/in thin muscular wall
Testes first appear 7 weeks next to kidneys
Descend Testes 1
Descend Testes 2
In the scrotum by around 7 months
Gubernaculum
Mesenchymal column of tissue that connects the fetal testis to the developing scrotum and that is involved in testicular descent
Scrotum
- Skin- heavily pigmented
- Superficial fascia- fat free layer, smooth m. fibers (dartos m. & wrinkling of skin)
- External Spermatic fascia
- Cremesteric m. & fascia
- Internal spermatic fascia
*dartos fascia continuous w/ Scarpa and with Colles fascia
*Scrotum forms from labioscrotal swellings (2 cutaneous outpockets from ant abd wall) that fuse to form pendulous cutaneous pouch.
Scrotum
Nerves of Scrotum
Ant scrotal n.- branches of ilioinguinal n.
Genitofemoral n.
Post scrotal n.- branches of pudendal n.
Perineal branches of post femoral cutaneous n.
*spinal anesthetic agent injected more superiorly to anesthetize scrotum anterolaterally (lumbar plexus)
Posteroinferiorly (sacral plexus)
Scrotal Blood supply
Post scrotal branches- internal pudendal a. branch
Ant scrotal branches- branch of femoral a.
Cremasteric a.- branch of inf epigastric a
V. follow a.
Lymphatics= superficial inguinal LN
Testes
Testes 2
Tunica albuginea- touch fibrous layer
Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis- serous layer
Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis- both layers separated by serous fluid
Posterior Region
Where vessels & nerves enter & leave testes
Not covered by tunica vaginalis
Contains rete testis & efferent ductules
Blood supply of Testes
Testicular arteries- from abdominal aorta
Testicular veins- from pampiniform plexus
Spermatic cord encloses PNS & SNS n. fibers, blood vessels & LN!
Palpiniform Plexus
Via testicular v. drains to IVC on R
L renal vein on L
Cancer of testes & scrotum
Cancer of testis- metastasize initially to retroperitoneal para aortic or lumbar LN
Then spread to mediastinal LN
supraclavicular LN
Cancer of scrotum- metastasize to superficial inguinal LN
Undescended Cryptorchid Testes
30% in preemies
95% unilateral, usually inguinal canal
Increased risk for developing malignancy
4 Types of Maldescent of Testis
- in superficial fascia of ant abd wall above superficial inguinal ring
- at root of penis
- in perineum
- in thigh
Hydrocele
Presence of excess fluid in persistent processus vaginalis
Congenital= usually goes away within 1st eyar of life
or
injury/ inflamation of epididymis in adults or arise in spermatic cord
Hematocele of Testes
Rupture of branches of testicular a. by trauma
Produce scrotal or testicular hematoma
Blood doesn’t transilluminate
Noncommunicating Hydrocele
Processus vaginalis is obliterated & tunica vaginalis contains fluid
No fludi can move b/t abdomen & scrotum
Communicating Hydrocele
Processus vaginalis still open, allows fluid to move b/t abdomen & tunica vaginalis in scortum .
Associated w/ indirect inguinal hernia
Transillumination
Bright light is applied to side of scrotal enlargment in dark room
Transmission of light as red glow indicates excess serous fluid in scrotup
Varicocele
Pampiniform plexus of veins becomes dilated & tortuous
Common on L side
feels like bundle of worms
Usually disappears when person lies down
Defective valves in testicular v. or obstruction of v.
May indicate kidney disease or may signal retroperitoneal malignancy obstructing v.
Cremasteric Reflex
Stroking skin on medial aspect of sup thigh- rapid elevation of testis on same side
Contraction of cremasteric m.
Afferent limb= ilioinguinal n.
efferent limb= genital br. of genitofemoral n.
Active in children= undescended testes when hyperreflexia
Vasectomy
B/L
Infertility in men
Cut Vas Deferens
Canal of Nuck
Patent processus vaginalis in females - cysts & hernias may form
Indirect inguinal hernia= pareital peritoneum along round ligament runs through inguinal rings
Into Labium majorum
