Inguinal Region and Hernias

Question 1

Inguinal region

Answer 1

from ASIS to Pubic tubercle

Question 2

Inguinal canal

Answer 2

Parallel & superior to med half of inguinal lig

Contains:

Spermatic cord

Round lig (women)

Ilio-inguinal n. (doesn’t pass through deep inguinal ring)

BV & lymphatics

Question 3

Testes Descend

Answer 3

Question 4

Superficial Ring

Answer 4

Through external oblique aponeurosis

Question 5

Deep Inguinal Ring

Answer 5

Found in posterior aspect of anterolateral wall

Question 6

Inguinal Canal

Answer 6

Made up of arches of 3 abdominal m.= musculoaponeuretic arches

Obliterated when m. contract or in squatting position

Question 7

External Oblique

Answer 7

Question 8

Internal Oblique

Answer 8

Question 9

Transverse Abdominus

Answer 9

Question 10

Formation of Inguinal Canal- Males

Answer 10

At 7 weeks testis attached to post abdominal wall

At 28 weeks, processus vaginalis & testis pass through inguinal canal

Testis pass post to processus vaginalis not through it!

Processus vaginalis is extension of peritoneum!

In newborn, obliteration of stalk of processus vaginalis! All that remains is tunica vaginalis

Question 11

Male Gubernaculum

Answer 11

Fibrous cord connecting primordial testis to anterolaterla abdominal wall @ site of future deep inguinal ring

Question 12

Formation of inguinal canal- females

Answer 12

2 months- undiff gonads *primordial ovaries* located on dorsal abdominal wall

15 weeks- ovaries descend into greater pelives

Processus vaginals pass through abdom wall, forming inguinal canal

Round liga passes through canal & attaches to SC of labia majora

Question 13

Female gubernaculum

Answer 13

Fibrous cord connecting ovary & primordial uterus to dev labia majora

Ovarian & roud ligament

Ovaries do not relocate to inguinal region! Attached by ligaments!

Question 14

Changes during raised intraabdominal P

Answer 14

Question 15

Umbilical Hernias

Answer 15

Congenital= Increased intra abdom P due to incomplete closure of ant abdominal wall after ligation of umbilical cord @ birth

Acquired= pregnant women & obese

Question 16

Epigastric Hernia

Answer 16

Through Linea alba Hernia

Question 17

Spigelian Hernias

Answer 17

Semilunar lines

Question 18

Indirect inguinal hernai

Answer 18

Leaves abdominal cavity lat to inf epigastric vessels & passes down inguinal Canal

Question 19

Direct Inguinal Hernia

Answer 19

Leaves abdominal cavity medial to the inf epigastric vessels

Hesselbach’s triangle

Only peritoneum & transversalis fascia form the wall

Question 20

Inguinal vs. Femoral Hernias

Answer 20