Perineum

Question 1

Pelvic Floor

Answer 1

Fromed by pelvic diaphragm

Consits of levator ani & coccygeus m. & fascia

Stretches between pubis ant & coccyx post & from lat pelvic wall to the other

Question 2

Levator Ani

Answer 2

pubococcygeus, puborectalis & iliococcygeus

Innervated by n. to levator ani from S4 and inf rectal n. S2-S4 & coccygeal plexus

Helps support pelvic viscera

Act to raise pelvic floor & assist ab m. in forced expiration activities.

Question 3

Male Pelvic Diaphragm

Answer 3

Levator ani & coccygeus

Support pelvic organs

counteracts increases in intra abdominal P

maintains urinary & faecal continence

Question 4

PuboRectalis

Answer 4

Maintains anorectal angle (perineal flexure)

Question 5

Boundaries of Pelvic Cavity

Answer 5

Question 6

Perineum

Answer 6

Lies inf to pelvic outlet & is separated from pelvic cavity by pelvic diaphragm

Bounded by pubic symphysis ant

inf pubic rami & ischial rami anterolaterally

ischial tuberosity lat

sacrotuberous lig posterolat

inf by sacrum & coccyx

Question 7

Perineum

Answer 7

Anal triangle- post contains anus

Urogenital triangle- ant contains scrotum & penis or external genitilia in females

perineal mem- streatches bt pubic arch & covers ant part

perineal body- irreg fibromuscular mass b/t anal canal & perineal mem

Question 8

Perineal Mem

Answer 8

Question 9

Perineal Body

Answer 9

fibromuscular mass in mid line of perineum

In females- in b/t vagina & anus

Perineal body ruptures during labor leads to widening gap b/t levator ani= prolapse of uterus, rectum & even urinary bladder

Question 10

Perineum M.

Answer 10

Bulbospongiosus- compress vagina orfice or compress urethra. Perineal n. & pudendal n.

Ischiocavernosus- maintain erection of penis or clitoris

Question 11

Superficial Transverse Perineal

Answer 11

O: ischial tuberosity

I: perineal body

A: support perineal body

N: pudendal n.

Question 12

Deep Transverse Perineal

Answer 12

O: med aspect of ischial ramus

I: pineal body

A: stabilize position of perineal body

N. : pudendal n. S2-S4

Question 13

External Urethral Sphincter

Answer 13

O: ischial tuberosity

I: surround urethra

A: compress urethra to maintain urine continence

N.: pudendal

Question 14

Episiotomy

Answer 14

to avoid tearing, obtain more space for obstetric intervention, shortening 2nd phase of birth, midline episiotomy greater risk of rectal tear but recovers fast.

Question 15

Fascia

Answer 15

Question 16

Fascia 2

Answer 16

Question 17

Fascia & Pouches of Urogenital Triangle

Answer 17

Question 18

Fascia of Urogenital Triangle

Answer 18

Question 19

Ischioanal Fossa

Answer 19

Ant- sphincter urethra, deep transverse perineal m.

post- gluteus max, sacrotuberous lig

superomed- external anal sphincter, levator ani m.

lateral- obturator fascia covering obturator internus

floor- skin over anal triangle

Ant recesses

Question 20

Contents of ischioanal fossa

Answer 20

Ischioanal fat- allows distention of anal canal during defecation & accomodate fetus during childbirth

inf rectal n. & vessels

perineal branches of post femoral cutaneous n.

pudendal canal