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Anatomy > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Tunica Vaginalis

A

2 layers:

outer parietal layer

inner viscera layer

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2
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Directly on the testes

Dense CT

Form fibrous septa that divide testes into 250-300 pyramidal compartments called lobules

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3
Q

Lobule

A

1-4 seminiferous tubules (produce spermatozoa)

loose CT

nerves

blood & lymph

endocrine interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

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4
Q

Sperm Pathway

A

seminiferous tubules–> straight tubule–> rete testis–> 10-20 efferent ductules that connect to head of epididymis (head, body, tail)

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5
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

250-1000 per testicle

200 million per day in adult male

Older in the center/lumen

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6
Q

Leydig cells

A

interstitial cells

secrete testicular androgens *testosterone

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7
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Begins at puberty

Reduces ploidy & chrom number

Spermatocytogenesis- undiff spermatogonia beomes spermatogonia:

  • Type A spermatogonia:
  • Type A dark: A= type Ad or Type Ap
  • Type A pale= type B spermatogonia
  • Type B speratogonia=type B spermatogonia or primary spermatocytes

Meiotic divisions- allow primary spermatocytes to become spermatids

spermiogenesis- morphological diff of spermatids into mature sperm(atozoa)

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8
Q

Spermatogenesis continued

A
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9
Q

Spermiogensis

A

Transform round spermatids into elongated, free swimming spermatozoa capable of fertilization

4 phase: Golgi, Cap, Acrosome & maturation

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10
Q

Golgi Phase

A

first polarity

prominent golgi apparatus w/ proacrosomal granules to become acrosomal cap

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11
Q

Cap Phase

A

acrosome cap enlarges, then flattens & extends over the nucleus.

Acrosome is specialized lysosome, containing hydrolytic enz capable of dissociating the corona radiata & zona pellucida of oocyte

1 centriole acts to organize initiation of a flagellum

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12
Q

Acrosomal Phase

A

spermatids become oriented toward basement mem

nuclei become more elongated chromatin becomes more condensed

head cap begins to move toward tail

flagella continue to grow

Manchette= contains motor proteins!

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13
Q

Maturation Phase

A

Unneeded cytoplasm is shed as residual body

Mature sperm are released into lumen of seminiferous tubule

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14
Q

Spermiogenesis Histo

A

Myoid Cell= contracts to expel sperm into lumen

Spermatocytes largest more numerous cells in seminiferous tubule, have condensed chrom

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15
Q

Sertoli Cells

A

Columnar or pyramidal cells- base adheres to basal lamina

Apex extends into lumen of seminiferous tubule

Envelop spermatogenic cells

connected to ea other by numerous gap junctions

F as supporting (nurse) cells- ea contains 30-50 germ cells @ various stages of development

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16
Q

Function of Sertoli Cells

A
  1. support, protection, & nutrition of developing spermatogenic cells- because spermatocytes, spermatids & spermatozoa are isolated from blood supply by blood testis barrier, these cells depend on Sertoli cells to mediate nutrient & metabolite exchange
  2. exocrine- nutrients & androgen binding protein (ABP) which concentrates testosterone to a level required for spermiogenesis (promoted by FSH)
  3. Endocrine- secretion of inhibin & MIS (mullerian inhibiting substance)
  4. phagocytosis- residual bodies (cytoplasm) from spermiogenic cells is phagocytosed
17
Q

Blood Testis Barrier

A

physical barrier between blood vessles & seminiferous tubule

formed b/t sertoli cells (tight junctions)

separates seminiferous tubule into a basal compartment & adluminal compartment

Prevents passage of cytotoxic agents into seminiferous tubules

*during spermatogenesis, cells after division squeeze through & transverse junctions to lie in adluminal compartment (above barrier)

18
Q

Interstitial Tissue & Leydig Cells

A

Interstitial tissue- site of androgen production, CT containing mast cells, macrophages, n., lymphatics & blood vessels

Leydig cells- become apparent @ puberty, produce testosterone (stim by LH, important for male repro dev & spermatogensis)

19
Q

Intratesticular Ducts

A

Straight tubules–> Rete testis–>Efferent ductules

carry spermatozoa & liquid from seminiferous tubules to duts of epididymis

Seminiferous tubules= arranged as loops, both ends join rete testis

Straigh tubules= char by gradual loss of spermatogenic cells, has initial seg of walls lined only by Sertoli cells, main seg is cuboidal epith supported by dense CT

Rete testis= interconnected network of channels lined by cuboidal epithelium

20
Q

Efferent Ductules

A

15-20

lined by nonciliated cuboidal cells alternating w/ groups of taller ciliared cells

non ciliated= absorb most of fluid secreted by seminif tubules

ciliated= beat in direction of epididymus

21
Q

Excretory Gential Ducts

A

Epididymis

Ductus (vas) deferens

Urethra

Accessory glands secrete into these

Essential for reproductive function

22
Q

Ductus Epididymis

A

Single highly coiled tube

Forms head, body & tail

Sperm stored here & attain their final char including motility, mem R for zona pellucida proteins, maturation of acrosome & ability to fertilize

23
Q

Ductus/Vas Deferens

A

long straight tube w/ thick muscular wall

Has narrow lumen & thick smooth m. (longitudinal outer & inner layers w/ middle circular layer)

mucosa folded longitudinally & is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ sparse stereocilia

24
Q

Pathway

A

Ductus deferens–> passes over urinary bladder–> then dilates to form ampulla (epith thick & more folded)–> at distal end of ampulla, seminal vesicles join the duct–> ductus deferens enter the prostate gland (as ejaculatory duct) & open into prostatic urethra

25
Q

Vasectomy

A

Ductus deferens is part of spermatic cord- testicular a., pampiniform plexus, nerves

1-2 small openings in scrotum.

Vas deferens cut- ends ligated (vasclip= no cutting)

Testes produce sperm but die & reabsorbed sperm!

Permanent though reversal available

26
Q

Accessory Gland

A

produce secretions that are added to sperm during ejaculation to produce sperm, essential for reproduction.

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands

27
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

Highly Tortuous tubues

Exocrine glands- produce viscid, yellow secretion (w/ fructose, citrate, inositol, PGs, fibrinogen, enzymes & other proteins)

70% of ejaculate

Simple/pseudostratified columnar eptih that are rich in secretory granules

lamina propria contain elastic fibers surrounded by smooth m. cells (inner circular, outer longitudinal)

28
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Surrounds urethra, inf to bladder

30-50 branched tubuloalveolar glands

Inner to outer around urethra:

  • transitional zone- 5% mucosal glands
  • central zone- 25% submucosal glands
  • peripheral zone- 70% main glands
29
Q

Tubolalveolar glands

A

-cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epith. Rich fibromuscular stroma surrounds the glands.

Glands produce prostatic fluid- contains various glycoprotein & enz that are expulsed during ejaculation

30
Q

Corpora amylacea

A

small spherical concretions formed in lumen of prostatic glands

Number increase w/ age but no signif

31
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

Enlargement of prostate due to increase in cell number- prostatic stromal & eptih cells

non malignant

Starts in 30s, 50% in men over 50 & 75% in over 80 yo

Urinary storage & voiding problems

Give DH2 5 a reductase inhibitor

32
Q

Prostate Cancer

A

most common cause of death from cancer in men over 75

No symptoms until later stages.

Use Gleason scale!

33
Q

Bulbourethral Gland

A

Paired round gland

Several lobules w/ tubuloalveolar secretory units lined by simple columnar epith w/ mucus secretion (depends on testosterone)

Septa b/t lobules contains smooth m.- release mucus secretion which cotas urethra for ejaculation preparation

Empties into penis

34
Q

Penis

A

3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue & penile urethra surrounded by skin:

2 dorsal corpora cavernosa- tunica albuginea

1 ventral corpus spongiosum- surrounds urethra

Penile urethra- mostly pseudostratified columnar epith

at glans penis= stratified squamous epith!

35
Q

Arteries of Penis

A

Derived from internal pudendal arteries= dorsal arteries, deep arteries (nutritive a.- trabeculae) & helicine arteries (to cavernous spaces)

36
Q

Penile Erection

A

Filling of cavernous spaces with blood

ANS to smooth m. in vascular walls

point & shoot!

Parasym= m. relaxation in trabeculae & dilation of helicine arteries–> filled space compresses veins against tunica albuginea (block outflow of blood)–> rigidity of cylindrical erectile tissue

Symp= ejaculation–> constrict helicine arteris (decrease blood flow into spaces)–> pressure is decreased–> veins are allowed to open–> drainage of blood from erectile tissue

Anatomy (10 decks)

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