test1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Common ancestry of an organism.

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2
Q

Illustrations of phylogeny?

A

Phylogenetic trees.

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3
Q

T/F phylogenetic trees are a hypothesis

A

True

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4
Q

Branch points

A

Divergence from a common ancestor.

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5
Q

Sister taxons

A

Organisms that share an immediate common ancestor.

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6
Q

Basal taxons

A

Group that diverged from common ancestors first.

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7
Q

Polytomy

A

More than 2 sharing a relating recent ancestors.

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8
Q

What do phylogenetic trees tell us?

A

Evolutionary relationships, patterns of decent (not phenotype, unless stated), tell us common ancestry– not who evolved from who.

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9
Q

Creating a tree uses both what?

A

Morphological and molecular data.

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9
Q

Definition of parsimony

A

kiss = keep it simple/ simple explanation.

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9
Q

What are the steps to creating a tree?

A
  1. observe morphological features of organisms (qualitative)
  2. determine # of sim/diff between organisms (qualitative)
  3. Start the tree, start w/ least amount of differences: sister taxons.
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9
Q

Morphological species concept

A

Individuals who look alike = same species

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9
Q

Ecological species concept

A

Individuals who share same habitat + share resources = same species.

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10
Q

Phylogenetic species concept

A

Individuals who share a common ancestor are the same species.

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10
Q

What 2 types of reproductive isolation are there?

A

Pre-zygotic and post zygotic

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10
Q

What 5 types of prezygotic (prevent fertilization) are there?

A
  1. habitat/geographical isolation
  2. temporal isolation
  3. behavioral isolation
  4. mechanical isolation
  5. gametic isolation
10
Q

Biological species concept

A

Individuals that freely interbreed + produce viable, fertile offspring = the same species.

11
Q

What does post-zygotic mean?

A

Hybrid of the offspring, nonviable or non fertile.

12
Q

What are the limitations of the biological species concept?

A

Fossils, asexual reproduction, and relies on reproductive isolation.

13
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

“Same homeland”, happened in same geographical location.

14
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

“Different homeland” happened due to separation of geographical location.